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Czechia, Spain, France: Where are railway networks growing the fastest in Europe?

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Railway lines are the backbone of Europe’s clean transport transition, but they’re not improving quick enough.

The EU’s high-speed railway network has nearly doubled in a decade, according to the latest official figures.

Lines capable of carrying trains at 250 km/h and more criss-crossed 8,556 km across the continent in 2023, according to Eurostat. That’s up from 5,812 in 2013.

However, the bloc’s total railway network shrunk by 1.3 per cent in that time, stretching only 200,947 km in 2023. “Europe is not upgrading its railways fast enough,” warns Carlos Rico, rail policy officer at campaign group Transport & Environment (T&E).

Despite railway lines being the backbone of Europe’s clean transport transition, the latest figures reveal a map of uneven progress.

Which European country has the highest density of railway lines?

Czechia has the highest density railway network in Europe, with 123.2 metres of railway lines per square kilometre.

Almost all its lines were built under the reign of the monarchy from the nineteenth century onwards, national railway manager Správa železnicand states, and taken over by the communist regime which prioritised rail transport over roads.

It is followed by Belgium (119.2 m/km²), Germany (109.5 m/km²) and Luxembourg (104.8 m/km²).

As Eurostat analysts note, the countries with the highest density of railway networks are all located in the centre of northern Europe, reflecting both their high population density and relatively high volumes of freight transport.

At the other end of the spectrum, the lowest railway network densities were found in Greece (14.0 m/km²), and Finland (19.4 m/km²) – which has the lowest population density in the EU.

Sweden (26.8 m/km²), Estonia (27.2 m/km²), Portugal (27.8 m/km²), Latvia (28.9 m/km²) and Ireland (29.8 m/km²) round out the bottom of the list.

How important is railway network density?

High railway density usually translates into a higher accessibility to railways, explains Rico. However, simply having a station close by doesn’t guarantee an easy ride.

“For a railway system to triumph it needs to be affordable and reliable,” he emphasises. “If the network is very large but frequencies are poor, prices are too high and delays are constant, it will not be able to capture a significant demand.

“And without those passengers, the system will be harder to maintain financially.”

Czechia scores well on the affordability front, with low ticket prices and special fares. But punctuality let it down in T&E’s rail operator rankings at the end of last year.

Within the EU, high-speed railway lines often span national borders, facilitating seamless travel around the bloc. This network has seen significant growth, Eurostat reports, rising by 47 per cent in the decade to 2023.

Spain is leading the way with 3,190 km of high-speed lines, a 66 per cent increase from 2013.

This reflects its status as by far the biggest benefactor of EU funds for high-speed rail between 2000 and 2017, receiving almost half of the funding on offer for the whole bloc.

However, T&E’s Rico explains, it’s also the result of very low construction costs compared to other countries.

Lower land and labour costs keep prices down in Spain, but economies of scale have played a significant role too. The lowest costs per kilometre were achieved when the country had the largest amount of projects in development at the same time.

France is fairly close behind with 2,748 km of high-speed lines, a 35 per cent increase from 2013. It is followed by Germany with 1,163 km and Italy with 1,097 km.

How can we get the EU’s rail targets on track?

Put simply, Europe’s railway network still has a long way to go to support the continent’s energy and climate goals.

The European Court of Auditors warned in 2020 that the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) network, Europe’s key policy for cross-border rail, is unlikely to meet its goals on time.

T&E is urging countries to funnel sufficient national funds into these projects. The European Commission, it argues, should fund top priority investments that boost transnational connections.

Rail represents only 0.4 per cent of transport emissions in the EU while transporting 7 per cent of the passengers.

“High speed lines are a part of the solution, but they are not the silver bullet,” says Rico. “Rail will contribute to transport decarbonisation in coordination with road electrification and clean fuels for aviation and shipping.”

To realise the “climate potential of rail”, he adds, we need increased competition, simplified cross-border ticketing, and a common signalling system in Europe (the ETCS). This latter piece of the puzzle will enable better connectivity and services without the need for new infrastructure.

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Norway to introduce tourist tax amid record visitor numbers and overtourism concerns

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By&nbspEuronews Travel

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Norway is set to become the latest European destination to introduce a tourist tax to combat concerns about rising visitor numbers.

Lawmakers approved the new levy on Thursday, which allows municipalities to introduce a 3 per cent tax on overnight stays in “areas particularly affected by tourism”.

The law allows local authorities to apply the tax at their own discretion, and it will be added to accommodation charges. Authorities will also be allowed to adjust the percentage based on the season.

The funds raised by the tax will be used exclusively to improve tourism infrastructure projects that benefit both visitors and local people. Municipalities will have to demonstrate that their facilities are inadequate and have their plans approved by the government to spend the funds.

Cecilie Myrseth, Norway’s minister of trade and industry, said on social media that her government had reached a “historic agreement” to introduce a tourism tax that was “in line with what they have in the rest of Europe”.

The country is the latest in a string of European nations introducing or increasing visitor levies to tackle the growing problem of overtourism. A tax may also be applied to cruise ships that make stops in the country, particularly in areas that are most affected by overtourism.

Norway is experiencing a tourism boom

As tourists increasingly choose cooler, northern European destinations to get away from the heat, Norway has experienced a boom in visitor numbers.

Last year, a record-breaking 38.6 million people booked accommodation in the country. That includes more than 12 million overnight stays by foreign tourists – a 4.2 per cent increase from 2023.

Some previously quiet destinations have been overwhelmed, like the Lofoten islands, where eye-catching images of hiking trails posted on social media have led to an influx of visitors. With a population of 24,500 people distributed across several small towns and villages, keeping up with the cost of all these new visitors has been hard.

A recent survey by industry organisation Norwegian Tourism Partners found that 77 per cent of people in Tromsø, in northern Norway above the Arctic Circle, thought there were too many tourists there. Visitors have been drawn by the Northern Lights, wildlife excursions, Sami cultural experiences and what the city itself has to offer.

The increase in tourism has caused tension with local residents across Norway as infrastructure has struggled to keep up with the boom. Facilities like public toilets and car parks have been overwhelmed in popular destinations.

Some residents have even reported cases of people using their back gardens as toilets, and bemoaned the increased traffic clogging up Norway’s roads.

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Wildfire warnings issued in the Canary Islands as millions prepare to holiday there

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As millions of holidaymakers prepare to head to the Canary Islands this summer, authorities have issued a wildfire pre-alert across the archipelago.

The warning, announced by the General Directorate of Emergencies on Sunday, applies to tourist hotspots El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria.

It comes as the islands enter a high-risk fire period following the wet season, as hot, dry winds known as the ‘calima’ begin blowing in from the Sahara Desert.

Fires are common, but they haven’t slowed tourism

The risk of wildfire is nothing new for the Canary Islands.

The volcanic terrain, Mediterranean climate and fire-adapted vegetation – plants that have evolved to thrive in fire-prone environments – make them susceptible to summer blazes, and scientists say wildfires are part of the archipelago’s ecological rhythm.

Some of the worst occurred in 2023, when forest fires ravaged Tenerife, destroying more than 15,000 hectares of land and forcing 12,000 people to evacuate. The blaze was later found to have been started by arsonists.

This year, officials are urging tourists and locals alike to take extreme caution, warning against launching fireworks near forests and discarding cigarettes on dry ground.

But even as the fire warnings roll in, the Canaries’ appeal shows no signs of slowing down.

In 2024, the islands welcomed nearly 18 million tourists, including a record-breaking 15.5 million international arrivals. Among them, British travellers led the way, recording 6.3 million visits – up 500,000 from 2023.

Concerns about overtourism mount amid record arrivals

While the Canary Islands continue to attract record numbers of tourists, residents are increasingly voicing concerns about overtourism.

In April 2024, tens of thousands of islanders participated in protests, holding signs that read “the Canary Islands have a limit” while rallying against rising housing costs, environmental damage and the strain on public services.

Over Easter this year, about 80,000 hospitality workers in Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierrowalked out in a dispute with unions over pay.

The surge in short-term rentals has been especially contentious. Locals have reported getting priced out of their neighbourhoods as properties are converted into holiday  lets, the cost of living soars and wages stagnate.

Despite these concerns, tourism remains a significant part of the Canary Islands’ economy, accounting for approximately 35 per cent of its GDP.

Tenerife still reigns supreme

After welcoming seven million tourists in 2024, Tenerife remains the most visited island.

Its year-round sunshine and wide beaches keep it a firm favourite among families, especially during the UK’s summer school break and throughout the winter months.

As the peak summer season picks up, local tourism boards have made no indication that the fire pre-alerts will disrupt travel plans.

But authorities remain focused on prevention this year.

More than 2,000 firefighters are on standby. Meanwhile, the government has distributed detailed safety advice, urging people to prepare a go-bag, stay informed and follow emergency evacuation or shelter-in-place instructions if fires erupt.

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Violent turbulence hits Ryanair flight in Germany, forcing an emergency landing and injuring 9

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By&nbspEuronews Travel&nbspwith&nbspAP

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Severe storms in southern Germany forced a Ryanair flight to make an emergency landing late Wednesday after violent turbulence injured nine people on board, German police said in a statement Thursday.

The flight, travelling from Berlin to Milan with 179 passengers and six crew members, encountered turbulence so intense around 8:30 pm that the pilot was forced to make an unscheduled landing at Memmingen Airport in Bavaria.

Eight passengers and one crew member were hurt.

Three people were taken to the hospital in Memmingen for treatment; the other injured people were released after receiving outpatient treatment. As a precaution, all passengers were checked for injuries by the emergency services.

Authorities did not permit the plane to continue flying, and the airline arranged bus transport for passengers. Milan is about 380 kilometres south of Memmingen.

More bad weather expected in Germany

Elsewhere in the region, storms damaged several homes in Ulm, Baden-Württmberg, according to the German news agency dpa.

In the Donaustetten district, strong winds tore roofs off multiple row houses, rendering them uninhabitable, though no injuries were reported. Fire officials suspect a small tornado or waterspout caused the damage. The German Weather Service (DWD) is investigating, according to dpa.

Storm-related emergency calls also came from other areas in southern Germany, where damage was mostly limited to fallen trees and flooded basements.

The DWD warned of further storms on Thursday, 5 June, with hail, strong winds, and localised heavy rain expected.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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