Travel
Automated cars, low emissions and noise pollution: Europe’s driving rules are changing in 2025
Countries in the bloc are cracking down on emissions, dangerous driving and noise pollution.
Despite the open borders of the Schengen Zone, driving around Europe can be a challenge thanks to the myriad national road rules to get your head around.
If you’re planning a road trip on the continent in 2025, make sure you are up to date with the latest changes to regulations.
From the introduction of 30 more low-emission zones in French cities to a crackdown on noise pollution in Switzerland, here are the new rules you need to be aware of.
EU cracks down on cross-border penalties
Up until now, it’s been relatively easy for travellers driving abroad to avoid the consequences of committing motoring offences in foreign Schengen Zone countries.
This year, however, the bloc is cracking down on cross-border penalties, meaning drivers who break the law while abroad could see their licence revoked back home.
Offences include driving under the influence, breaking the speed limit in urban and rural areas, and causing an accident resulting in severe injuries or death.
Switzerland introduces fines for ‘avoidable’ noise pollution
Switzerland is cracking down on noisy vehicles this year. The government has introduced fines of up to 10,000 CHF (€10,600) for ‘avoidable noises’ such as exhaust systems backfiring.
Sanctions for existing restrictions to prevent noise pollution are increasing. Drivers who leave their engine running ‘unnecessarily’ now face an 80 CHF (€85) fine, up from 60 CHF (€64) last year.
Also in Switzerland, from 1 March 2025, drivers of automated cars are permitted to use the autopilot function in some cantons.
When the system is activated, drivers can remove their hands from the steering wheel and do not have to be monitoring traffic or the vehicle.
However, they must be ready to retake the wheel if prompted by the autopilot system.
It will also be possible to park automated vehicles without the presence of a driver in designated car parks and parking spaces.
France expands low-emissions zones
In France, 30 more towns have been designated low emissions zones, or ZFEs (Zones à Faibles Émissions). These include Lille, Avignon, Biarritz and Bordeaux.
They join 12 existing ZFEs (including Lyon, Greater Paris and Nice), four of which have brought in stricter regulations.
If you drive in these areas, you need a Crit’Air sticker, which indicates your vehicle‘s pollution level on a scale of 0 (electric vehicles) to 5 (older diesel vehicles).
All vehicles must have this sticker displayed, whether they are registered in France or abroad.
If you are planning a trip to France, make sure you obtain your sticker in advance here.
Drivers who do not have a sticker on their vehicle when in an ZFE face a fine of €68 for a light-weight vehicle, or a fine of €135 for a heavy goods vehicle.
Vehicles registered before 31 December 1996, light commercial vehicles registered before 30 September 1997, and heavy goods vehicles registered before 30 September 2001 are prohibited from entering ZFEs.
ZFEs Paris, Lyon, Grenoble and Montpellier are tightening restrictions. Vehicles with a Crit’Air rating of 3 will no longer be allowed to drive within the Greater Paris low emission mobility zone between 8am and 8pm, Monday to Friday.
These types of vehicles are completely prohibited from Lyon’s ZFE although there are exceptions for residents and commuters.
In Grenoble, Crit’Air 3 vehicles are banned between 7am and 7pm, Monday to Friday – with exemptions for commuters and residents.
Montpellier and 11 surrounding communes have also introduced restrictions on Crit’Air 3 vehicles.
Germany introduces mandatory safety checks for caravans
Several driving rules are changing in Germany in 2025.
19 January marks the deadline for exchanging red and green paper licences for digital versions, with the exception of people born before 1953.
Germany’s CO2 tax – part of the country’s push to reach carbon emissions targets – has increased from €45 per tonne of CO2 to €55 per tonne. This will see petrol and diesel prices rise by around three cents.
From June 19th, owners of caravans and motorhomes with LPG (liquid gas) systems will have to request checks by an expert every two years. For new caravans, the inspection has to take place immediately.
Italy increases fines for driving offences
Fines for driving offences have risen in France and Italy. In Italy, drivers face higher penalties for drink-driving (up to €6,000), using a phone at the wheel (up to €1,000), and speeding (up to €880).
Licenses can also be suspended for drivers found under the influence or speeding.
Austrian hikes prices for motorway sticker
Asutrian’s mandatory motorway sticker now costs motorists more.
The annual vignette costs €103.80 up from €96.40, the one-day vignette has increased from €8.60 to €9.30, the ten-day vignette from €11.50 to €12.40, and the two-month vignette from €28.90 to €31.10.
Spain changes rules for motorway driving
If you plan on driving on Spain’s motorways in 2025, make sure you are aware of these changes to the rules.
If there are poor weather conditions, motorists will only be allowed to use the right-hand lane and overtaking will be prohibited.
This is to allow access for snow ploughs or emergency vehicles.
If there is a traffic jam, drivers must move to the far left and far right lanes to leave a central corridor for emergency vehicles to use.
In the event of traffic jams and hold-ups, motorcyclists are allowed to use the hard shoulder.
Travel
London, Paris, Dublin: Which European city has the most congested roads?
Traffic jams cost each driver more than €1,000 in wasted time in Europe’s most congested city last year.
London has the most congested roads in Europe for the fourth year in a row, according to a new analysis.
Traffic analytics company Inrix found that it had the fifth most clogged roads in the world overall.
Inrix says in its 2024 Global Traffic Scorecard that the capital city accounted for around half of all UK traffic delays, costing around £3.85 billion (€4.64 billion) in lost time or £942 (€1,135) per driver.
The analytics firm says the city has some of the worst corridors for traffic delays due to its “concentration of population, employment and economic activity”.
“While the UK did see a slight increase in congestion again this year, overall congestion has remained steady,” says Bob Pishue, a transportation analyst and author of the report.
“Roadworks in key corridors such as M25 Wisely Interchange caused considerable traffic on a main artery into the capital.”
Pishue adds that, though London accounted for half of all congestion, it was cities outside of the capital that saw the UK’s biggest increases in traffic issues. Across the UK, drivers spent an average of 62 hours stuck in traffic last year.
Some of the busiest roads in the UK are in London
Transport For London is responsible for a network of red routes – major roads where vehicles are not allowed to stop, park, or load and unload – that carry around a third of the UK capital’s traffic.
A spokesperson for the local government body says that it is “committed to making sure Londoners can move around the capital as safely, sustainably and efficiently as possible”.
“We support the movement of everyone across London and our investment in walking, cycling and public transport is making it easier to choose sustainable ways of travelling, helping to cut congestion.
“Our network includes some of the busiest roads in the country and we continue to invest in world-leading programmes to make sure roads are used as efficiently as possible.”
Where are Europe’s other most congested cities?
The ranking is based on the length of delays drivers face, weighted by the number of people who live in each city. Unsurprisingly, a number of Europe’s capital cities came out on top of the list.
London drivers spent on average 101 hours sitting in traffic last year, according to Inrix’s analysis.
Paris, France had Europe’s second most congested roads and the sixth globally with drivers facing 97 hours of delay. Dublin, Ireland is the third most congested city in Europe with 81 hours of delays.
Next is Rome where drivers spend an average of 71 hours sitting in traffic, then Brussels where the delays tally up to 74 hours a year.
“For the fourth year in a row, London takes top spot for the most congested city in Europe,” climate charity Possible said in a post on social media site X.
“This is a nightmare for the climate, Londoners’ health, and the economy. We need to be bolder in getting people walking, cycling & using public transport.”
Travel
Delta, Iberia, Vueling: Which airlines were most on-time in 2024?
The report’s authors say the aviation industry has demonstrated significant resilience in the face of global industry challenges in 2024
Iberia and SAS are the only European winners ranked for on-time performance among the top ten airlines globally, according to a new report.
Airlines were ranked globally and by region, with a separate category for low-cost carriers. Performance was evaluated on airlines’ on-time arrival and percentage of flights completed.
The survey from aviation analytics consultancy Cirium evaluated more than three million flights every month in 2024, with data from more than 600 sources of real-time flight information worldwide.
For the global category, Cirium analysed the top ten per cent of all passenger airlines by capacity and volume criteria. These airlines under review also had to serve at least three regions. In the low-cost carrier category, the top 50 per cent of airlines were considered, and the top 30 per cent in the regional category (15 per cent for North America).
This report comes amid ongoing issues in the aviation industry, including cybersecurity disruptions such as the Crowdstrike outage and extreme weather events impacting aviation in 2024, according to Cirium.
Which airline achieved the best on-time performance in 2024?
Aeromexico, Mexico’s largest airline, was named the most on-time global airline in 2024, with an on-time performance rate of 86.7 per cent.
It is followed by the national airline of Saudi Arabia, Saudia, with a score of 86.35 per cent, and the major US airline Delta Air Lines, which scored 83.46 per cent across 1,712,529 flights.
The Spanish budget airlineIberia Express won in both the Europe and Low-Cost Airline categories for the second year running, with 84.69 per cent of its 44,140 flights arriving on time.
Iberia Express is a ‘leader in Europe for reliability’
The short and medium-haul Spanish airline has recently expanded its destinations list, with growth in seasonal routes to Marrakech (+460 per cent), Menorca (+52 per cent), Edinburgh (+250 per cent), and Cairo (+885 per cent).
“Spain’s Iberia Express has firmly established itself as a leader in Europe’s competitive low-cost market”, said Isaac Pato, a senior data analyst at Cirium, who explained that the airline “continues to prove that affordability can coexist with punctuality.”
“This Iberia subsidiary not only delivers consistent reliability for intra-European routes but also reinforces Spain’s reputation for cutting-edge aviation services,” Pato added.
“Whether traveling for business or leisure, passengers can count on Iberia Express.”
As well as Iberia Express, a further two European airlines ranked in the top ten for low-cost carriers, with Vueling in the fifth spot at 81.20 per cent, while Norwegian ranked in seventh place.
Which are the best airlines in Europe?
Spain and Scandinavia dominated the European airlines category.
Following Iberia Express, parent company Iberia took second place with 81.58 per cent on-time arrival for its 183,268 flights. Based in Madrid, Iberia is part of the International Airlines Group alongside Iberia Express.
Scandinavia’s SAS came third, with an on-time performance rate of 81.40 per cent. The national airline of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, SAS serves 135 international destinations and is headquartered in Solna, Sweden.
Spain’s Vueling took fourth place with 81.20 per cent, while Norwegian Airlines also reached the top five with an on-time score of 79.23 per cent.
Air Europa (78.99 per cent), Austrian Airlines (78.72 per cent), Brussels Airlines (77.77 per cent), LOT Polish Airlines (77.72 per cent) and Norwegian Air Sweden (76.04 per cent) made up the last five places in the top ten for Europe.
Which were the most on-time airports?
Airports were also in the running for Cirium’s Platinum Operational Excellence awards, which recognised individual achievement in quick turnaround times, efficient baggage handling, modern infrastructure, and cost-effectiveness.
Saudia Arabia’s Riyadh King Khalid International Airport was found to be the most on-time airport globally, with 86.65 per cent of flights departing on time. The Middle Eastern travel hub also won in the ‘Large Airport’ category.
No European airports were placed in the top-performing airports.
Travel
Train cancellations and delays expected in France as Storm Florian strikes
Passengers in Île-de-France are warned to be vigilant and avoid travel as Storm Floriane brings violent winds.
Several French departments have been placed on orange alert for strong winds and a number of train lines in north-central France are affected.
The worst-hit regions are in northern France: Charleville-Mézières, Châlons-en-Champagne, and Bar-le-Duc – are experiencing frequent gusts between 80 and 100 km/h, and sometimes even 110 km/h.
Storm Floriane is moving quickly but intensely over the northeast of the country and may reach Belgium by the late afternoon.
There is also a risk of floods and avalanches in northern France by the early evening, and a small part of Bordeaux is being affected too, according to the Météo-France website.
Rail travel has been badly impacted by the storm
To guarantee the safety of both passengers and staff, SNCF has been making cancellations and changes to services, as well as putting speed limits in place.
Some replacement buses have also been put in place. Rail traffic has been disrupted between Nantes and Savenay due to a power outage that has forced drivers to slow down in the area. This is now unlikely to be back on track until 8pm this evening.
A tree fell on the tracks near Pont-Sainte-Maxence, and has disrupted trains in both directions between Creil and Compiègne.
If you plan to travel by train in France today, passengers are being advised by SCNF to check your train is running to schedule and to remain vigilant to changing weather conditions.
In the event that you train is cancelled, you can contact the train provider directly to exchange your ticket without any fees – or postpone your trip.
Further south, the A51 motorway that connects Grenoble to Marseille has been closed in both directions close to the Sinard tunnel due to flying objects in the road.
You are advised only to leave your home if absolutely necessary in areas placed on orange alert, and drivers should be extra cautious, particularly of flooding.
Journalists are monitoring this story as it unfolds and we will continue to update you.
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