Politics
TikTok Under Scrutiny by EU During Romanian Elections
EU Commission Intensifies Monitoring of TikTok During Romanian Elections Amidst Concerns of Foreign Interference
As the Romanian elections unfold, the European Commission has ramped up its scrutiny of TikTok, invoking the Digital Services Act (DSA) to address potential threats to electoral integrity. This initiative is part of a broader strategy to ensure that social media platforms uphold their responsibilities in safeguarding democratic processes.
The Commission has issued a retention order to TikTok, mandating the platform to freeze and preserve data related to systemic risks that its services may pose to electoral processes and civic discourse within the European Union. This order is specifically aimed at preserving critical information and evidence for any future investigations into TikTok’s compliance with the DSA.
TikTok is required to maintain internal documents concerning the design and functioning of its recommender systems. This includes measures taken to counteract intentional manipulation, such as the coordinated use of inauthentic accounts. The retention order is particularly relevant for national elections in the EU scheduled between November 24, 2024, and March 31, 2025.
The urgency of this order follows recent intelligence that suggests potential foreign interference in the Romanian elections, particularly from Russian sources. However, the Commission has clarified that it is currently monitoring compliance and has not yet taken a position on whether TikTok has violated any obligations under the DSA.
To further bolster its efforts, the Commission has convened a meeting of the European Board for Digital Services Coordinators on December 6. This meeting aims to discuss steps taken thus far and respond to emerging evidence, including reports of accounts targeting the Romanian diaspora from other EU member states.
In addition, the Commission is enhancing its collaboration with the Cyber Crisis Task Force, which includes various EU agencies and Romanian cybersecurity authorities. This task force is vital for sharing information and coordinating responses to digital threats.
Henna Virkkunen, Executive Vice-President for Tech Sovereignty, Security and Democracy, emphasized the importance of this initiative, stating, “We ordered TikTok today to freeze and preserve all data and evidence linked to the Romanian elections, but also for upcoming elections in the EU. This preservation order is a key step in helping investigators establish the facts and adds to our formal requests for information which seek information following the declassification of secret documents yesterday. We are also intensifying contacts with digital and cyber regulators across Europe in light of emerging evidence of systematic inauthentic activity. I am committed to diligent and robust enforcement of the Digital Services Act.”
The Commission’s proactive approach also includes activating the Rapid Response System (RRS) under the Code of Practice on Disinformation. This system facilitates swift cooperation among civil society organizations, fact-checkers, and online platforms during electoral periods, providing a mechanism for addressing time-sensitive threats to electoral integrity.
The Romanian-Bulgarian hub of the European Digital Media Observatory is also participating in the RRS, monitoring the online landscape for disinformation tactics, including violations of electoral law and unmarked political content disseminated through influencers.
As the Commission continues to engage with TikTok and other major platforms, the focus remains on ensuring transparency and accountability in the digital sphere, particularly as the Romanian elections approach. The actions taken now could set a precedent for how digital platforms are regulated during future electoral processes across the EU.
Politics
European Parliament Re-establishes Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief
Brussels – In a decisive move to enhance the protection of religious freedom across Europe and beyond, the European Parliament has re-established the Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief. This initiative, confirmed during the conference of parliamentary leaders on December 11, 2024, aims to address the urgent need for safeguarding the rights of individuals facing persecution due to their faith.
Co-chaired by Bert-Jan Ruissen (SGP, ECR) and Miriam Lexmann (EPP), the intergroup seeks to raise awareness about the plight of those persecuted for their beliefs. Ruissen expressed his optimism about the intergroup’s revival, stating, “This intergroup provides us with an important platform in the European Parliament to advocate for the persecuted church. I see that this work is desperately needed, as many remain unaware of the severity of the situation.” Lexmann added, “From China to Belarus, the freedom of religion or belief continues to decline. It is crucial that the European Union, and particularly the Parliament, pays special attention to monitoring and actively supporting this fundamental freedom globally.”
The establishment of this intergroup comes at a critical time when violations of religious freedom are on the rise. A recent letter from various civil society organizations and religious groups highlighted the alarming increase in attacks against individuals based on their religion or belief. The letter calls for the continuation and strengthening of the intergroup, emphasizing that the right to freedom of religion or belief is a cornerstone of democratic societies, as enshrined in Article 10 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.
The letter outlined specific instances of persecution, including the use of blasphemy laws in northern Nigeria, the killing of Christians in Manipur, India, the closure of churches in Algeria, and attacks on Ahmadiyya communities in Pakistan. It also notes the plight of Yazidis in Iraq, Baha’is in Iran, and the discrimination faced by atheists and humanists in Nigeria and Pakistan due to apostasy laws. These examples underscore the urgent need for robust responses from the European Parliament and its members. While the letter did not mention violations within Europe, it goes without saying that Europe must focus on practising what we preach, and the better we do inside the more leverage the EuParl will have when condemning situations outside Europe.
The intergroup, which has been active since 2004, comprises members from various political factions, reflecting a broad commitment to the cause. Following each election, the intergroup must be re-established with support from at least three different factions. Ruissen noted the collaborative effort that led to the intergroup’s revival, stating, “We have come together with colleagues from diverse factions and successfully garnered support from my own faction (the ECR), as well as the liberals (Renew) and the Christian Democrats (EPP).”
One of the intergroup’s key initiatives will be to appoint a new EU envoy for religious freedom, as the mandate of the voluntary without salary and without team current envoy, Frans van Daele, expired at the end of November. The group will also maintain communication with the EU‘s diplomatic services to prioritize religious persecution in global diplomatic discussions.
The letter from civil society organizations emphasizes that the continuation of the intergroup is essential for empowering MEPs to protect the right to freedom of religion or belief through their “on-the-ground” work in affected countries and faith communities. It calls for a united front among religious and belief groups, urging them to sign a letter addressed to the political groups in the European Parliament to highlight the persecution they face globally and the necessity of such a platform.
As the intergroup embarks on its mission, it faces the challenge of ensuring that the voices, also of minority religions, within Europe are heard and that their rights are protected. The commitment of MEPs from various political backgrounds to this cause is a hopeful sign that the European Parliament is ready to take a stand for diversity and inclusion.
In a world where freedom of religion or belief is increasingly under threat, the re-establishment of the Intergroup on Freedom of Religion or Belief is a crucial step toward safeguarding the rights of all individuals, regardless of their faith. The European Parliament must continue to champion this cause, ensuring that the principles of diversity and protection for minority religions are upheld not just in rhetoric, but in action.
Politics
EU adapts product liability rules to digital age and circular economy
New product liability rules have entered into force, reflecting the increasing digital features of products and the growing circular economy.
The EU’s product liability regime was established in 1985 to compensate those who have suffered physical injury or property damage due to a defective product. Since then, technological developments, new circular economy business models and ever-more global supply chains have made updating the rules essential.
The new rules explicitly cover products like software, AI systems or product-related digital services. These changes benefit both consumers and manufacturers. Consumers will find it easier to claim damages in court, while manufacturers will benefit from clear rules for digital products and circular economy business models. Additionally, harmonised liability rules across the EU will help to reduce business costs and give businesses the certainty they need to invest in innovative products.
These new rules also take into account the increasing number of products on the EU market that are manufactured outside the EU, by ensuring that there is always an economic operator within the Union from whom a victim can claim compensation. Finally, this provision also applies to products sold through online platforms.
Product safety in the EU
Product safety remains a top EU priority, to protect consumers, foster innovation, and ensure a fair and competitive single market. Product safety laws make sure that all goods sold within the EU single market meet stringent safety, health, and environmental standards.
The General Product Safety Directive applies to non-food products and all sales channels. It establishes specific obligations for businesses to ensure that all consumer products in the EU are safe. Many products require CE marking that confirms they are EU compliant before they can be sold. If a product is deemed unsafe, alerts are issued through Safety Gate, a rapid alert system allowing EU countries to share information on dangerous non-food products, enabling swift corrective actions.
When it comes to food products, the EU has some of the highest standards of food safety in the world. These are regulated by the General Food Law, and supported by the Farm to Fork Strategy which ensures food systems are fair, healthy and environmentally-friendly.
For more information
Liability for defective products
Product safety in the EU
CE marking
Safety Gate
World Food Safety Day 2024
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Politics
Bitcoin Surpasses $100,000 Amid Trump’s Government Appointments
Bitcoin reached a historic milestone, surpassing the $100,000 mark for the first time. This surge in value is largely attributed to recent announcements from Donald Trump, the incoming U.S. president, who has appointed Paul Atkins, a staunch advocate for cryptocurrencies, as the head of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
During his campaign, Trump pledged to transform the United States into the global capital of cryptocurrencies. He has been vocal about his support for Bitcoin, famously stating at a rally five months ago, “If Bitcoin is going to the moon, I want the United States to be at the forefront.” To solidify this vision, Trump has promised to purchase one million Bitcoins for the Federal Reserve, the world’s largest central bank.
Experts believe that such a move would not only legitimize Bitcoin as a viable asset but also position it as a strategic reserve for the country. “This is tremendously important because it elevates the asset beyond institutional investment, establishing it as a national-level asset,” said one financial analyst. This potential shift could encourage other central banks to consider similar strategies.
Over the past year, Bitcoin’s value has doubled, fueled by significant developments in the investment landscape. Since January, Bitcoin-based investment funds have been publicly traded, leading to a massive influx of capital from banks and financial institutions. However, experts and regulators caution that these investments carry high risks due to Bitcoin’s notorious volatility.
“Uninformed investors, lacking financial education, may enter the market at a time that could lead to significant losses,” warned a financial advisor. “It’s crucial to be well-informed and technologically savvy before investing in cryptocurrencies.”
As the cryptocurrency market evolves, initial regulatory frameworks are beginning to emerge. Europe is set to introduce its regulations in 2025, while Trump’s administration appears to be moving in the opposite direction. His cabinet appointments, filled with business leaders with vested interests in the crypto sector, signal a potential conflict in regulatory approaches.
As Bitcoin continues to soar, the implications of Trump’s policies on the cryptocurrency market and the broader financial landscape remain to be seen. The coming months will be critical in determining how these developments will shape the future of digital currencies in the United States and beyond.
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