Travel
From Oslo to Budapest: These are the best and worst metro systems in Europe
This study reveals the best and worst European metro systems: Is your city on the list?
Have you ever wondered which European cities have the best, worst and busiest metro networks? New research reveals the answers.
Luggage storage company Bounce has looked into all of the services across the continent’s capital cities – and made some surprising discoveries.
While the London Underground is perhaps the most famous of all of Europe’s metro networks, it doesn’t even come in the top five best.
It lost points for its huge numbers of passengers and confusing layout, making it difficult for tourists to navigate.
In its research, the company considered a wide range of factors, from the average Google review score of stations and the distance covered by the system to the number of stations, the annual ridership, and the percentage of positive and negative online reactions to each service. The data was then combined into an ‘underground index’ score.
It’s important to note that Moscow and Kyiv’s metro systems were excluded due to the ongoing war in Ukraine, and Minsk metro was not included due to the US Department of State’s level 4 advisory against travel to Belarus.
Where has the best metro system in Europe?
Oslo came top of the ranking, with an index score of 8.06 out of 10.
The Norwegian capital’s system, known locally as the Oslo T-Bane or T-banen i Oslo, boasts 101 stations covering 85km of track. It serves all 15 of the city’s boroughs, as well as extending part-way into the neighbouring Baerum municipality.
The Oslo Metro comprises five separate lines – and another is currently under construction.
The system’s busiest station is Jernbanetorget. It’s part of the largest transport hub in Norway, along with the Oslo Bus Terminal, Oslo’s Central Station, and the attached tram station. Jernbanetorget itself has been described as “easy to get around”, “very well organised”, and “nice and clean” in its many online reviews.
Up next is Sofia’s metro system with an index score of 7.64 out of 10
The Bulgarian capital’s metro is the only one in the country as well as one of the youngest in the study, having only opened to passengers in 1998.
The city’s metro system covers 52km of track and is accessible via 47 stations, including one at Sofia Airport.
That particular station has a Google review score of 4.10 out of 5 and is a favourite with passengers, who say there’s plenty of English language signage, including payment instructions which, they say, makes it simple and accessible for foreign visitors.
Tourists and locals alike also enjoy the Aleksandar Malinov and Moesia/NBU stations, which both earned Google review scores of 4.70 out of 5.
Aleksandar Malinov station is situated in the Mladost area of southern Sofia and is frequently praised for its attractive architecture and decor, in particular the modern forest-like artwork that decorates one of its platforms.
The Moesia/NBU metro station, located in a suburban area of western Sofia has, according to reviewers, exceptional cleanliness.
Athens Metro offers cheap, quick and regular public transport
In third place is the Greek capital, with a score of 7.29 out of 10.
Athens Metro provides a direct link to the airport, which allows travellers to access the city centre with cheap, quick and regular public transport.
It also connects to the city’s busy Piraeus port area, which supports travel by ferry to many Greek island destinations.
The Athens Metro has 62 stations across 70km of track and sees more than a quarter of a million passengers every year, something that makes it an integral part of the city’s transport infrastructure.
The average Google review score for all metro stations in the city is 4.10 out of 5, although the busiest, Syntagma station, netted a score of just 3.50 out of 5.
Bounce says this is likely down to how busy it can be, although some reviews do praise it for being “modern, spacious, clean”, and others appreciate exhibits on the ticket hall level.
Rounding out the top 10 are Madrid in Spain and Warsaw in Poland, which received overall scores of 6.74 and 6.60 respectively.
The rest of the top ranking is made up of London’s Underground, Lisbon’s and Copenhagen’s systems, which scored equally, and Bucharest and Prague’s metros.
The worst metro systems are located in some of Europe’s most visited cities
Despite Budapest’s many charms, its metro is nothing to write home about.
In fact, the Hungarian capital’s offering has been given the dubious honour of the worst of its kind in Europe, with an index score of just 3.13 out of 10.
Although the Budapest metro system is relatively small, with 48 stations across 39km of track, it has a very large number of annual passengers at over 382 million.
While the average Google review score across all metro stations was a respectable 4.05 out of 5, 75 per cent of online reactions to articles about the metro system were “hate”, while just 1 per cent of reactions were “love”.
Határ út station is the city’s lowest-rated metro stop, earning a Google review score of just 2.80 out of 5.
The station receives a lot of criticism, with comments describing it as “a rather unpleasant place” and others saying it “looks pretty terrible”.
Cleanliness is another major complaint at the station, with reviewers bemoaning “a lot of garbage” everywhere, and others calling it “simply disgusting”.
The second worst metro service was found to be, perhaps surprisingly, Brussels’.
The Belgian capital, which has 59 stations along 40km of track, scored only 3.20 out of 10 on Bounce’s index.
Home to the European Union, the city has a busy metro that carries more than 86 million passengers a year – making it a vital part of the city’s infrastructure while reducing traffic and congestion on the roads.
The busiest metro station, Gare du Midi, happens to be the lowest-rated, with a Google review score of just 1.90 out of 5.
Some reviewers have gone so far as to call the station the worst in Belgium and even Europe, saying it is “unsafe” and “dangerous”, with a shocking number of people referencing the strong smell of urine that travellers must contend with.
Rome’s metro system also scored poorly
Coming in just behind Brussels as having the third worst metro system in Europe is Rome.
The Italian capital’s metro may have 64km of track, spread across 73 stations, but it only received an index score of 3.75 out of 10.
While it is no doubt extensive and well-connected to other public transport options in the Eternal City, its metro stations received an average Google review score of just 3.60 out of 5, with only 13.21 per cent of stations receiving a score of four or above.
Additionally, 34 per cent of online reactions to news articles about the Rome Metro are “angry”, in contrast to “love” reactions, which account for just 9 per cent.
Quintiliani is the worst-reviewed metro station in Rome, with a score of only 2.40 out of 5.
Many reviews for this station reference the lack of staff and security, which, along with the “desolate” surrounding area, makes many travellers feel unsafe.
Station facilities, including elevators and ticket machines, have been referenced multiple times for being out of action, making travel here more difficult for passengers.
Some disgruntled passengers have called Quintiliani “the most useless station ever” and a “perfect example of a poorly looked after place”.
What is Europe’s largest and busiest metro system?
Bounce’s research revealed more than just the best and worst of metro services in Europe.
For instance, it found that the Paris Metro has 320 stations along its 245km of track – more than any other metro system in Europe.
It is also the busiest in the continent – after Moscow, not included in Bounce’s research.
Paris’ system frequently carries close to 1.5 billion passengers annually, which equates to roughly 4.1 million passengers every day.
As well as being world-famous, London’s tube system covers the greatest distance of all European metro systems.
The London Underground has some 402km of track which is served by 272 stations.
Each of the English capital’s 32 individual boroughs are well-served by the city’s system, colloquially referred to as ‘the Tube’.
It stretches well beyond the city limits, reaching into the surrounding counties of Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire and Surrey. Around 1.2 billion people, living in the city centre or in commuter areas, use the Tube every year.
What is Europe’s least busy metro system?
London’s population is pushing 9 million, whereas Helsinki is closer to 600,000. It won’t surprise you, then, that the Finnish capital’s metro system is the least busy in Europe.
It’s also the smallest system in Bounce’s study, with just 30 stations, but it’s a well liked metro, with an average Google review rating of 4.07.
“Public transport in Europe is generally of a very high standard, relatively affordable and is often well-signposted with English-language directions and instructions, alongside the local language, making it more accessible and easier to use,” Cody Candee, CEO and Founder of Bounce, says.
“Travellers in Europe might go their entire trip without ever getting in a car. Many airports have their own metro or railway station with links directly to the city centre, while buses and metros can often take you to any part of larger cities.”
While not all metros are created equal, he adds, they all have something to offer: “Aside from being a quick and practical way of getting around, many metro stations have beautiful designs, and visiting them can be an experience in itself.”
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Interrail and Eurail passholders rejoice, as you can now skip the queues and reserve your seats on long- and medium-distance RENFE trains online.
Rail Europe, a European train booking platform, has expanded its offering to include trains operated by Spain’s state-owned railway, eliminating a major hurdle that has dogged rail passholders for years.
“The addition of RENFE’s passholder fares to our platform is a game-changer for travellers eager to explore Spain with ease,” says Jürgen Witte, Chief Product and Technology Officer of Rail Europe. “This enhancement ensures Interrail and Eurail Global Pass holders can navigate its world-class rail system seamlessly.”
With the new service, passholders can easily see if a seat reservation is required for their journey and what the associated costs will be.
From there, they can make their reservation online, eliminating the need for time-consuming in-person bookings where a lack of Spanish language skills is sometimes an issue.
What’s the problem with booking RENFE seats with a rail pass?
While many Interrail and Eurail trains don’t require seat reservations, Spanish high-speed trains – the Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) – do.
Although Interrail purports to allow bookings on some AVE trains via its self-service system, users report extensive issues in getting the platform to work. Some trains available on Interrail/Eurail are not bookable via the self-service system at all.
Previously, the only option to secure a seat reservation without buying a ticket on a RENFE high-speed train was to call the company. The traveller would then have to go to a RENFE station to pick up and pay for the reservation within 72 hours of booking, which is often not convenient.
“In Spain, almost all trains, apart from purely suburban ones, require a reservation, and RENFE’s own website doesn’t offer passholder reservations,” explains train travel expert Mark Smith, who runs the website The Man in Seat 61.
“Furthermore, Spanish trains can leave fully booked, so you ideally need to book ahead. This was a major issue for using an Interrail or Eurail pass in Spain.”
Smith warns that, particularly on peak travel days, such as Fridays and Saturdays in the summer months, queues can be atrocious. At major stations in Madrid and Barcelona, passengers can wait as long as one or two hours to be served.
The complexity has caused confusion and frustration among travellers. On the Eurail forum, one user said, “Not gonna jump through hoops to go to Spain. I’ll cancel the Spain leg and stay in France.”
How to book seat reservations with RENFE
To reserve a seat on a RENFE high-speed AVE train, simply head to the Rail Europe website.
Click ‘add rail pass’ below the journey planner and select the type and class of pass you hold. Then, you can search for a journey as normal, but you should only see the passholder reservation costs rather than the normal ticket costs.
Smith notes that the Rail Europe system defaults to a second-class reservation in the search results. Holders of first-class passes need to manually change the price drop-down if they want to reserve a first-class seat.
There are other options for booking seats on RENFE with a pass. These include using Dutch agency HappyRail, which has proven to be successful at booking seats on AVE trains, but charges a 3.5 per cent fee.
Interrail and Eurail reservation services have been available since 2023, but success is patchy. Smith notes that, when the systems do work, they allow booking in first or second class, but not in the ‘premium’ class that gets passholders Sala Club lounge access and a meal with wine included on AVE and Euromed trains.
Smith has long recommended Rail Europe as a booking service for Interrail and Eurail passholders, as it has more seat choices, more benefits for first-class passholders, and no booking fees.
“This is a big step forward,” says Smith, “and if one system won’t get you the reservation you want, try the other.”
Where can you travel with RENFE?
RENFE operates a comprehensive route network across Spain, with both its AVE (high-speed) and Larga Distancia (long-distance) trains. On the map below, the purple lines are AVE trains, and the grey lines are the slower long-distance routes.
As well as travelling within Spain, RENFE connects to several international destinations. These include Oporto in Portugal and several destinations in France.
From 23 April, RENFE will launch a new direct Seville-Barcelona train service, cutting out the transfer in Madrid and making it easier to get between the two popular cities.
Along the way, it stops in Córdoba, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Madrid, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, and Girona, which are all attractive destinations to visit, too. The high-speed service takes around six hours and is set to make travel between the south and northeast of Spain a much more convenient option.
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Brits planning travel to Europe are being warned by an industry body not to fall for scams amid confusion over entry and exit rules.
With the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)coming into force this week, scammers are busy taking advantage of the uncertainty. The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) has warned of fake websites offering a similar pass to British travellers heading into mainland Europe.
From 2 April, Europeans who don’t have a British passport are required to obtain an ETA to visit the UK. The Electronic Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is a similar system that will affect UK travellers heading to Europe.
However, ETIAS is not due to launch for another 18 months, and there is presently no requirement for Brits to obtain any additional documentation to travel.
What authorisations are currently required for travel between the UK and the EU?
The UK’s ETA came into force for Europeans on 2 April, and means any EU passport holders will need to apply for and secure an ETA before visiting the UK.
The scheme has been live for visitors from non-European visa-free nationalities since January. However, its rollout has come with plenty of hiccups and confusion.
“If you have friends, family, or business associates visiting from abroad, they’ll need to check if they need to get an ETA,” says ABTA. “This is one of three changes coming up for travelling across borders between the EU and UK, but the only one to have gone live, meaning there is scope for confusion.”
There is an equivalent rule coming in for Brits traveling to Europe – the ETIAS. However, the ETIAS won’t be introduced until the new EU Entry/Exit system (EES) goes live.
The EES has been pushed back several times already, but is presently anticipated to launch in October 2025. It will be rolled out in stages, so not all changes will take effect immediately.
The ETIAS is expected to be introduced in 2026, and ABTA says likely not before the end of 2026. Even then, ETIAS is expected to be optional for at least six months. Right now, there is no additional documentation required for Brits to holiday in Europe.
“With three new changes coming in over the next couple of years, we’re keen that people understand what it means for them,” says Graeme Buck, director of communications at ABTA. “In short, the only thing to act on now is for European visitors to the UK to apply for an ETA. Nothing will be changing for UK travellers going to Europe this summer.”
How to apply for ETIAS when it comes into effect
ETIAS will be similar to the US ESTA scheme, where a simple online application grants permission to travel within the relevant area for a period of time.
For the EU scheme, the cost of an ETIAS is expected to be around €7 and will be valid for up to three years (or until the passport reaches three months to expiry). It will allow British visitors to stay in any EU country (or countries) for up to 90 days in any 180 day period.
According to the EU, third-country nationals, including the UK, will be granted a ‘grace period’ of six months on a one-time basis if they forget their ETIAS.
“Those coming to Europe for the first time since the end of the transitional period will be allowed to enter without an ETIAS provided they fulfil all remaining entry conditions,” the EU says.
ABTA warns that “people who try to apply for an ETIAS now may be at risk of fraud, with a loss of money and possibly personal data too.”
When the time does come, the only place to apply for an ETIAS will be on the official website. Any apps, websites, or social media posts suggesting there is an alternative route are impostors.
Travellers will need to submit personal information and passport data, as well as disclose any serious convictions in the past 20 years. They must state the reason for their travel and where they will be staying, as well as the Schengen Area country they will first be visiting.
The fee is payable for all applicants aged between 18 and 70. Those under 18 or over 70 will still need to apply for the document, but won’t be charged.
“With two further changes planned, the situation may not seem simple,” adds Buck. “As the changes affecting UK travellers start to come in towards the end of the year, ABTA and our members will be on hand to support travellers.”
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There’s good news if you are young and looking for a budget-friendly way to explore Europe this summer.
The EU is giving away almost 36,000 free rail passes to 18-year-olds under the DiscoverEU scheme.
Introduced by Interrail and the EU, the scheme aims to give young Europeans the opportunity to learn about their neighbouring countries and cultures.
Those eligible will be able to explore Europe’s heritage and history while meeting people from across the continent.
All you need to do is answer six questions.
DiscoverEU: How to apply for a free EU rail pass
To be in with a chance of winning a free rail pass, applicants must be born between 1 July 2006 and 30 June 2007.
The scheme is open to legal residents of the 27 EU member states or Overseas Countries. Residents of third countries associated with the Erasmus+ programme can also apply. These include Iceland, Liechtenstein, North Macedonia, Norway, Serbia and Türkiye.
If that’s you, the next stage is to head to the European Youth Portal to take an eligibility quiz.
You will have to answer five multiple-choice questions about the EU and one additional question. These cover general knowledge about the EU and its initiatives aimed at young people.
You will also be asked to give more information about your travel plans. This includes when you plan to travel, whether it will be the first time you have travelled alone without your parents, what you would like to learn from the experience and how you will finance your trip.
This information will not have any impact on the selection process.
The Commission will rank applicants based on their EU quiz responses and will offer travel passes following their ranking up to the limit of available tickets.
Applications are open from 2 April to 16 April 2025.
You cannot apply if you have previously been given a DiscoverEU pass.
How will the free rail pass scheme work?
Those who prove successful will get a free rail pass to travel in Europe for up to 30 days between 1 July 2025 and 30 September 2026.
At the application stage, you can choose to either travel alone or with a group of up to five friends. If you choose to travel as a group, you can share your application code with your friends to allow their registration.
Only the group leader has to answer the EU quiz questions; group members just need to supply personal data to complete the application and fulfil the age and residency criteria.
The travel pass can be used in your residency country only for one outbound and one inbound journey. It must include travel to at least one other country eligible under the scheme.
The overall journey can last from one day up to a maximum of one month, including up to seven travel days.
Participants will generally be eligible for a pass worth up to €283.26 in second or economy class. The amount may be raised for applicants travelling from remote or overseas regions.
In some cases, coach and ferry passes will be included too. To ensure young people living in remote areas or on islands are not excluded, flights may also be awarded in exceptional cases. Preference will always be given to the most sustainable option.
If you’re one of the lucky awardees, you will also be given a European Youth Card (EYCA) valid for one year. This grants discounts for cultural visits and activities, learning, nature, sports, local transportation, accommodation, food and more across the EU.
How will applicants for the free rail pass be selected?
Applicants will be selected up to the available budget and ranked following the correctness of their replies.
There is a quota of travel passes set for each country. If a country has fewer applications than the quota, the remaining passes will be distributed to countries with a higher number of applications.
If there are too many eligible applicants, a ‘first come, first served’ principle will apply – meaning earlier applications could be favoured as a last resort.
Special support is available for participants with disabilities or health conditions.
Successful applicants will be notified by email after the selection period has ended in May.
They will then be connected with an EU contractor who will take care of the travel bookings and payments.
Passes purchased directly by the selected applicants will not be reimbursed.
Is anything expected in return for the free rail passes?
When you apply for a free pass, you are invited to become a ‘DiscoverEU Ambassador’. This means you are encouraged to report back on your travel experiences through social media or school and community presentations.
The scheme’s app will allow you to create a customised map of your itinerary with statistics on the number of trains taken, number of countries visited and CO2 savings, which can be shared on social media.
Young travellers will also need to report back in an online survey after taking part in the scheme.
On its completion, travellers will receive a certificate of participation highlighting competencies and skills gained from their travel experience.
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