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With a chip in the head, the blind will be able to “see” and the paralyzed “feel”.

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We don’t know where or how thoughts are stored within the brain.

Chips in the head will help paralyzed and blind people feel again. Deutsche Welle writes that technology can also be used to make telepathy possible between people. What are brain-computer Interfaces?

Elon Musk said in 2020 that the future would be strange, when he was explaining the possible applications of brain implants developed his neurotechnology company Neuralink.

She has been working for the past seven years on a computer implanted into the brain. He monitors the activity thousands of neurons from there. The chip, which is believed to be a brain-computer interface (BCI), is made up of a tiny probe with more than 3,000 flexible threads that are thinner than human hair.

Musk’s plan is to connect the mind to computers in order to retrieve information and memories from the depths consciousness. The businessman hopes to use Neuralink technology to achieve telepathy among people, as well as treating conditions like blindness and paralysis. According to the tech mogul this will help humanity win the war against artificial intelligence. He also said that he wished for the technology to provide “supervision” to people.

Science fiction or reality:

Are some of these bold plans possible? The short answer to this question is no.

“We can’t understand people’s thoughts. Giacomo Valle is a neuroengineer from the University of Chicago, US. He says that the amount of information that we can decode in the brain is limited.

Juan Alvaro Gallego is also in agreement. He is a researcher at Imperial College London (UK) who studies brain-computer interfaces. “The fundamental issue is that we do not know where or how thoughts are stored within the brain. He told DW that we can’t read our thoughts if the neurology isn’t understood.

Musk first demonstrated the technology in 2019, using a pig implanted with a Neuralink brain chip and a video showing a monkey controlling a video game of ping-pong.

The brain-computer interface has a lot more potential than just animals playing computer games. Gallego says that the technology was originally developed to help paralyzed individuals with spinal cord injuries, or those suffering from conditions such as Locked-In Syndrome. The patient is conscious but can’t move anything except his eyes. Gallego says that if we could convert the internal communication of patients into computer language, a lot would change.

The brain-computer interface doesn’t record the thoughts, but instead sends signals to the muscles to perform a movement, such as moving a finger, foot or hand, or opening the mouth to make sound. Gallego says that the scientists have also shown that they can read motor cortex’s intent to spell a letter.

The paralyzed can feel again

In 2016, the then-US president Barack Obama publicly demonstrated another breakthrough when he shook Nathan Copeland’s robotic hand. The man paralyzed in a car accident, felt Obama’s handshake like they were touching skin to skin.

Gallego explains that instead of using electrodes to record and interpret planned movements, a brain is stimulated by weak currents in order to induce sensation. Copeland had a brain-computer interface implanted to improve the function of a damaged area of his nervous system. The device, manufactured by a competitor of Neuralink, was inserted in his sensory cortex and connected with sensors on the ends his robotic arm.

These technologies have been around a long time. Since the 1990s, deep brain stimulation has helped hundreds of thousands of people with Parkinson’s.

Brain surgery for everyone –

Neuralink has only tested its technology on animals. Brain-computer interfaces have only been used in exceptional, special cases. Neuroengineer Giacomo Valle explains that all clinical applications are in the development phase and have not yet entered clinical practice.

The federal regulators rejected Neuralink’s request to test its technology on humans last year due to serious safety concerns. The device is made up of 96 flexible, tiny probes that are individually placed in the brain.

The safety concerns are not unfounded. Even if the invasive procedure was successful, there is still a risk of infection or immune reject of the device long after the implantation. Musk’s company will likely renew its request in the later part of this year.

The birth of Neuroethics

Valle points out that brain-computer interfaces raise “various ethical questions.” This technology marks the beginnings of a new field, neuroethics. Here, the discussions start to resemble science-fiction. Science fiction’s role is to prepare us for the future.

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EU treading Dangerous Waters: The Perils of Psychedelics in Therapeutic Use

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The European Commission is getting ready to review citizens’ proposals and one controversial idea on the table is the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative that supports the exploration and implementation of psychedelic treatments for mental wellbeing issues. Advocates of this initiative highlight the advantages of using psychedelics in addressing mental health concerns; however it’s crucial to carefully assess the consequences of making these substances mainstream for therapeutic use, it already happened with way too many “pharma products” and end up being dangerous street drugs, as this is what they actually were from the beginning.

The Illusory Promise of Psychedelics

Supporters of this “therapies” frequently promote these substances as amazing remedies for profound mental health challenges like depression and anxiety disorders such as PTSD are regularly highlighted by them in support of their claims. However, these early research findings are willfully misinterpreted and exaggerated. The “positive outcomes” observed in limited research studies do not automatically translate to safety and effectiveness across wider and more varied demographic groups, often the contrary. Throughout history the fascination with a quick fix for mental health issues has often resulted in disappointment and harm, if not death.

A Lack of Comprehensive Understanding

The insufficient scientific knowledge about psychedelics raises concerns within the community as the intricate workings of the human brain remain a mystery when influenced by these substances. There are risks such as psychological distress and worsening of preexisting mental health conditions that make it unthinkable to integrate psychedelics into mainstream therapy practices at all. It is crucial to acknowledge the variations in individual experiences and biological compositions to prevent unintended harm rather than aiding in treatment efforts.

Regulatory and Ethical Concerns

The push for government endorsement of psychedelic therapies raises numerous ethical questions. Should substances with known psychoactive properties be part of mainstream health care? The regulatory environment surrounding these compounds is fraught with challenges, including ensuring quality control, standardizing dosages, and preventing misuse. With the legalization movements in various regions, the potential for recreational abuse expands, risking public health and safety.

Historical Context and Social Implications

Looking back, the late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by a psychedelic counterculture that resulted in societal turmoil and increased drug abuse. The legacy of this era still looms large; many young individuals romanticize psychedelic use without regarding the severe consequences that accompanied its earlier popularity, including addiction, mental health crises, and a societal disregard for safety protocols.

A Dangerous Precedent

By calling for a more prominent role for psychedelics in treatment protocols, the advocates of the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative may unintentionally set a dangerous precedent. Replacing established, evidence-based treatments with unproven psychedelic therapies could detract from the very real progress made in mental health care. It could shift focus away from holistic approaches that consider lifestyle, therapeutic counseling, and medication tailored to individual needs.

Conclusion

The debate surrounding the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative should prompt a vigilant and cautious examination of the implications of endorsing psychedelics as treatment options. While there is a critical need for innovative approaches in mental health care, rushing to embrace unproven therapies poses significant risks. It is paramount that we prioritize rigorous scientific scrutiny, ethical considerations, and the well-being of individuals over the allure of quick solutions. The only clear path forward is one grounded in proven therapies, comprehensive research, and unwavering commitment to public health.

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Why chocolate should not be given to dogs

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Chocolate is a favorite delicacy for people, but for cats and dogs it is a real poison, writes the magazine ” Sciences et Avenir” and explains why pets should not be “pampered” with chocolate under any circumstances.

For them, chocolate is toxic, because it is not properly absorbed by their body. This is due to the alkaloid theobromine, which is contained in cocoa and therefore in chocolate.

The substance becomes dangerous to health when large amounts of it are stored in the liver. About 12 grams of theobromine are contained in dark chocolate, twice as much in milk chocolate, and very small amounts in white chocolate.

Theobromine does not harm humans, as the human body manages to break it down quickly.

However, it takes 20 hours for dogs to get rid of this molecule. It can build up in their liver and cause poisoning if large amounts of chocolate are ingested at once.

Among the symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, convulsions.

The same is true for cats. However, they are less attracted to chocolate than dogs because they cannot taste sweets with their tongues, although there are exceptions.

In addition, pet obesity is the subject of a number of educational campaigns aimed at owners.

A court in North West England has banned a British man from keeping pets for the next 10 years because his Dalmatian became too fat. wrote the English tabloid “Sun” in November 2009.

40-year-old man John Green, a resident of Macclesfield in Cheshire, showed extreme irresponsibility towards his dog Barney and fed him chips and chocolate.

Thus, in just three months, it became several times fatter than normal for its breed and reached 70 kg.

Green was tipped off by alarmed, vigilant fellow citizens.

Animal control officials warned Green that his dog’s health was in danger and recommended that he be put on a diet.

However, he did not follow the recommendations and the dog continued to gain weight.

The Dalmatian was eventually removed from his owner’s home in June and put on a diet in a private kennel, where staff made sure he got enough exercise.

As a result, Barney, who is eight years old, lost 40 kg.

Green pleaded guilty to causing his dog unnecessary suffering, but the court found some mitigating circumstances because the man treated Barney more like a friend than a dog and did not realize he was harming him.

That’s why Green was only sentenced to 200 hours of community service and to pay £780 in costs.

Illustrative Photo by Glenn: https://www.pexels.com/photo/high-angle-photo-of-a-corgi-looking-upwards-2664417/

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Russian Orthodox Church calls on mass culture to abandon ‘images promoting alcoholism’

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On the occasion of the Day of Sobriety celebrated in the country today, the Russian Orthodox Church called on mass culture not to promote alcoholism, TASS reported.

The agency recalls that the All-Russian Day of Sobriety is celebrated on the initiative of the Russian Orthodox Church on September 11 to remind people of the harm caused by alcohol. On this day, in some parts of Russia, the sale of alcohol is limited or completely prohibited.

“The culture of attitude towards this is very important. There are many “nice jokes” about alcoholism in our everyday culture. There is nothing good about that. We know what the state of intoxication leads to. Those who deal with mass culture should make an effort that the image of the “dear drunkard” should still leave our mass culture,” said the head of the synodal department of the Moscow Patriarchate for Church Interaction on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg Forum of United Cultures with society and media Vladimir Legoida.

Asked whether it would be appropriate to ban or restrict the sale of alcohol across the country, he said “that would be wonderful”. “But it is important that people do this consciously, independently, not because someone is forcing them, and also that there is, as it is customary to say, a public consensus,” he stated.

Legoida noted that the category of “sobriety” is important for the church in general, which refers not only to abstinence from alcohol.

Meanwhile, during a press conference dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Sobriety, Russia’s Deputy Health Minister Oleg Salagai said that alcohol abuse can reduce a man’s life expectancy by six years and a woman by five years.

“The systemic measures that were adopted allowed us to really reduce alcohol consumption. Today, it can be confidently said that Russia is not one of the most drinking countries in the world,” said the deputy minister, who pointed out that in 2023 alcohol consumption in the country was about 8.4 liters per person, while at the beginning of the century the indicator was in double digits.

Illustrative Photo by EVG Kowalievska: https://www.pexels.com/photo/selective-focus-photography-of-assorted-brand-liquor-bottles-1128259/

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