Travel
Paris to New York in 1.5 hours: The hydrogen jet looking to usher in hypersonic air travel
Designs for a new hydrogen-powered jet could begin a new era of hypersonic flight that would cut journey times around the globe by air to a few hours.
The last aircraft to manage the feat was the Concorde, the supersonic result of Anglo-French engineering.
In its heyday, it crossed the Atlantic in record time in around 3.5 hours, flying at a speed of over 2,100 km/h.
But a Swiss start-up is looking to cut the current journey time from Paris to New York down from 8 hours to just an hour and a half – with its hypersonic, hydrogen-powered passenger jet.
While other companies are dabbling again with supersonic flight, Destinus aims to build the first commercial hydrogen-powered aircraft that can travel at five times the speed of sound and at altitudes of more than 33 km (over 100,000 ft).
The company has been testing its prototype aircraft for the past couple of years, announcing successful test flights of its second prototype – Eiger – at the end of 2022.
“The prototypes look different from the final product because the final product has very advanced propulsion technology,” Bart Van Hove, Destinus’ head of advanced studies, said during this year’s Paris Air Show at Le Bourget.
“It has different types of engines, turbo jets, and ramjet, all hydrogen-powered and all hydrogen-cooled. So that goes with a particular vehicle configuration as shape, as you see in our vision, of a plane that grabs a huge amount of air and there is a central duct and that splits into various engine ducts.
“This is not the case on the prototype. It’s more of a classical configuration because we go step by step”.
Spanish government investment
In April, the company received a boast in investment, announcing its participation in a programme run by Spain’s Ministry of Science, part of the Spanish government’s plans to develop hydrogen-powered supersonic flights.
The agency overseeing the ministry’s programme, the Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico e Industrial, selected the project as a strategic initiative under its Plan de Tecnologías Aeronáuticas (PTA).
With an overall current investment of €12 million, the project involves companies and technology centres as well as Spanish universities.
“We are delighted to have been awarded these grants, especially because they are a clear sign that Destinus is aligned with the strategic lines of Spain and Europe to advance hydrogen flight,” Davide Bonetti, VP Business Development and Products for Destinus, said at the time.
“For deep tech companies like us, access to these EU recovery funds is essential to carry out advanced research and accelerate the innovation needed to be competitive on a global scale. With these grants, hydrogen-based solutions for aeronautical mobility will be one step closer to becoming a reality”.
Hydrogen power is the subject of a lot of research and development, with proponents pointing to its green credentials, the main byproducts of hydrogen combustion being heat and water.
“We’re trying to do the ultimate thing, which is flying people safely with hydrogen, no emissions, hypersonically. That’s all over the world in four hours. Supersonically, that’s just impossible,” Van Hove said.
The amount of heat generated presents a design challenge, though.
Researchers at RMIT University in Melbourne recently developed 3D printed catalysts which they say can power hypersonic flight and act as a cooling agent to combat the extreme heat generated when aircraft fly five times the speed of sound, which is around 6,100 kilometres per hour (km/h).
At those speeds, future commercial airlines would be able to fly between Paris and New York in around 90 minutes.
Frankfurt to Sydney in 4 hours and 15 minutes
It also opens the opportunity to shorten travel around the global.
Flying across the world from Europe to a destination such as Australia currently takes around 20 hours in a regular passenger jet.
Destinus claims its technology will make a flight from Frankfurt to Sydney last just 4 hours 15 minutes as opposed to 20 hours, while a flight from Frankfurt to Shanghai would take 2 hours 45 minutes, eight hours shorter than that journey currently takes.
Destinus partnered with Spanish engine manufacturer ITP Aero in June 2022 to develop a hydrogen engine test facility.
The grant from the Spanish government will fund the construction of a test facility near Madrid where the air-breathing hydrogen engines will be put through their paces.
A second grant project of €15 million will fund research into aspects of liquid hydrogen-powered propulsion.
The project is part of Spain’s push to be at the forefront of developing and producing hydrogen-based mobility in a number of sectors.
Travel
ETIAS: The new visa Brits will need to enter the EU in 2025, what it costs and who gets it free
Travellers will need to apply online before they’ll be allowed into EU countries.
Travellers, including British tourists post-Brexit, will soon face a new hurdle when visiting Europe.
Although a launch date has yet to be announced, it’s likely the ETIAS will become official in the first half of 2025.
The European Travel Information and Authorisation System will require travellers to complete an online application, provide personal details, answer security questions and pay a €7 fee. This authorisation will be linked to the traveller’s passport and will be valid for three years or until the passport expires.
The ETIAS is separate from the new EU Entry/Exit Scheme which will also affect Brits and launches 10th November.
Flora, a Brit and mother of two young children, is among those affected by the changes.
“Traveling with kids is already challenging, and now we have to deal with extra paperwork,” Flora said. She and her partner Alexander, currently on a staycation in the UK, are frustrated by the new requirements that add complexity to travel plans.
“I was a staunch proponent of remaining in the EU, so it’s just another slightly disappointing hurdle that we’re all having to face in our ability just to feel like we can be freely part of Europe. But it’s a reality of what happened with the Brexit vote back in 2016, I suppose.”
What is ETIAS, and who will have to comply?
The European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is a new system that non-EU travellers will have to navigate. It is part of the EU’s efforts to improve border security.
Under the new ETIAS rules, travellers from non-EU countries will have to apply before visiting the Schengen Area, which includes most EU countries as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Most travellers from outside the EU will need to comply with ETIAS, but there are some exceptions. The fee will be waived for children under 18 and adults over 70, although they will still need to apply for authorisation.
Additionally, there will be a grace period of at least six months when ETIAS is first introduced. This will give travellers time to adjust to the new system, but early application is recommended to avoid any travel disruption.
How will ETIAS affect British travellers?
Rob Staines, an independent travel expert, explained the impact of this change for British tourists, saying it is a reality of post-Brexit travel.
“We were asked to be deemed a third country when we left the European Union and this is extra red tape and extra layers of complexity when it comes to travel,” he said.
“But I think if we look in the grand scheme of things, it’s completely acceptable and understandable that the EU wants to strengthen their borders. But unfortunately, that comes at a cost.”
Despite these new measures, Staines believes it won’t deter British travellers from visiting Europe.
“Over 17 million Brits visited Spain last year. It’s our number one holiday destination. I don’t think this small price to pay and this extra layer of bureaucracy is actually really going to put off people traveling. If anything, it could make people want to travel to the EU more because it’s making it a safer place to go. It’s ensuring that people don’t overstay their welcome and it’s a way for the EU to protect their borders.”
“What the UK’s Labour government is doing at the moment is trying to repair those broken relationships that we have and create a better situation after Brexit,” he added.
“It’s one of those situations that we just do have to keep an eye on, but actually, yes, it’s going to make travel harder. It’s going to make travel slightly more expensive for us as well, but we don’t know what’s going to happen in the future.”
Travel
Rome wants to charge tourists to visit the Trevi Fountain – here’s why
Rome is looking at ways to curb overtourism and a ‘lack of respect’ for one of the most famous bucket list destinations in the city.
Rome could soon launch a ticketing system to enter one of its most iconic sites.
Authorities in the Italian capital say they want to start the scheme at the Trevi Fountain as part of ongoing plans to both reduce crowds and promote “sustainable tourism”.
The 18th-century fountain has long been a ‘must visit’ for tourists to the Eternal City, but it is frequently overcrowded and rife with pickpockets.
“Personally I would be in favour of looking at a new form of access, limited and timed, to the Trevi Fountain,” Alessandro Onorato, Rome’s city councillor responsible for tourism, told Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera.
If enforced, it would act as “a [ticket] reservation system – free for Romans and costing a symbolic one euro for tourists”, Onorato added.
Despite that cost, the city’s authorities say the goal of the charge is not to raise money, but to lessen and control crowds, while stopping them from “eating ice cream or pizza on a monument that deserves the proper respect.”
How likely is it that the Trevi Fountain plan will go ahead?
The fountain is one of the most visited attractions in Italy – and the wider world. That means it is frequently packed full of people who struggle to get a glance of the icon, designed by Italian architect Nicola Salvi.
While Onorato is keen to see the ticketing scheme in action, a spokesperson for the municipality told the AFP news agency that the proposal is merely “an initial idea – there is nothing concrete yet”.
“It is a delicate, difficult issue, but sooner or later it must be addressed,” the spokesperson added, “Tourism in Rome, which is reporting record numbers, must be made sustainable for the city and the environment.”
Rome sees on average 35 million visitors each year and that number is set to be higher still in 2025 as the Jubilee, a year-long religious event held in the city and the Vatican, is set to attract millions more.
Where else in Italy charges for entry – or is planning to?
If the Trevi Fountain fee did come into action, it wouldn’t be the first attempt in Italy to control crowds.
Earlier in 2024, Venice trialled a €5 ticket for day visitors arriving during peak periods, with the aim of encouraging people to come at less busy times. The trial had mixed responses from authorities and locals, but is likely to be repeated in 2025’s peak season.
Earlier this week, it was also announced that prime minister Giorgia Meloni’s government is considering raising Italy’s tourist tax to tackle overcrowding in busy cities, including Rome and Florence.
If that goes ahead, visitors staying in local accommodation overnight will have to pay up €25 (£21) a night per person.
That proposal has been met with anger by some leaders in hospitality, with a number suggesting it will damage the industry and put many people off visiting Italy altogether.
In the same vein, Onorato told the Corriere della Sera that authorities in Rome would ideally like to limit the opening of new Bed And Breakfast accommodation and holiday homes in order to reduce the pressure on the city’s historic centre.
Currently, though, they don’t have the power to do so: “Today we can limit the number of restaurants or fast-food outlets in the historic centre, but we cannot prevent the opening of non-hotel facilities.”
Travel
New EU travel rules for tourists: What changes in 2025?
The new rules require travellers to complete an online application, provide personal details, answer security questions and pay a €7 fee.
Starting in 2025, travellers, including British tourists post-Brexit, will face new rules when visiting Europe.
Flora, a Brit and mother of two young children, is among those affected by the changes.
“Traveling with kids is already challenging, and now we have to deal with extra paperwork,” Flora said. She and her partner Alexander, currently on a staycation in the UK, are frustrated by the new requirements that add complexity to travel plans.
“I was a staunch proponent of remaining in the EU, so it’s just another slightly disappointing hurdle that we’re all having to face in our ability just to feel like we can be freely part of Europe. But it’s a reality of what happened with the Brexit vote back in 2016, I suppose.”
What is ETIAS, and who will have to comply?
The European Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is a new system that non-EU travellers will have to navigate. This requirement is part of the EU’s efforts to enhance security at its borders.
ETIAS requires travellers to complete an online application, provide personal details, answer security questions and pay a €7 fee. This authorisation will be linked to the traveller’s passport and will be valid for three years or until the passport expires.
Under the new ETIAS rules, travellers from non-EU countries will have to apply before visiting the Schengen Area, which includes most EU countries as well as Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland.
Most travellers from outside the EU will need to comply with ETIAS, but there are some exceptions. The fee will be waived for children under 18 and adults over 70, although they will still need to apply for authorisation.
Additionally, there will be a grace period of at least six months when ETIAS is first introduced. This will give travellers time to adjust to the new system, but early application is recommended to avoid any travel disruptions.
How will ETIAS affect British travellers?
Rob Staines, an independent travel expert, explained the impact of this change for British tourists, saying it is a reality of post-Brexit travel.
“We were asked to be deemed a third country when we left the European Union and this is extra red tape and extra layers of complexity when it comes to travel,” he said.
“But I think if we look in the grand scheme of things, it’s completely acceptable and understandable that the EU wants to strengthen their borders. But unfortunately, that comes at a cost.”
Despite these new measures, Staines believes it won’t deter British travellers from visiting Europe.
“Over 17 million Brits visited Spain last year. It’s our number one holiday destination. I don’t think this small price to pay and this extra layer of bureaucracy is actually really going to put off people traveling. If anything, it could make people want to travel to the EU more because it’s making it a safer place to go. It’s ensuring that people don’t overstay their welcome and it’s a way for the EU to protect their borders.”
“What the UK’s Labour government is doing at the moment is trying to repair those broken relationships that we have and create a better situation after Brexit,” he added.
“It’s one of those situations that we just do have to keep an eye on, but actually, yes, it’s going to make travel harder. It’s going to make travel slightly more expensive for us as well, but we don’t know what’s going to happen in the future.”
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