Travel
Where are the world’s most beautiful railway bridges? Engineering marvels become big tourist hits
These amazing feats of engineering allow trains to navigate the steepest valleys and cross the deepest rivers.
We’ve got a serious weakness for spectacular railway bridges. Nothing beats rumbling across valleys and rivers while soaking up views of the gorgeous landscapes unfolding below.
And they’re no longer simply feats of engineering – they’re landmarks that put destinations on the map and visual reminders of the evolution of civil engineering.
This year, one of the most striking in Europe, Scotland’s Forth Bridge, is marking 10 years since it was granted UNESCO World Heritage status – one of just a few railway bridges to receive the accolade. What’s more, this month it celebrates its 135th anniversary.
This iconic cantilever railway bridge located across the Firth of Forth, is such a part of Scotland’s pride and cultural heritage that you’ll find it illustrated on some Scottish banknotes.
How have railway bridges changed over time?
Just like railways themselves, bridges don’t look the same as they did a century ago.
“Railway bridges have evolved significantly over the past 100 years,” says Professor Luke Prendergast, an expert in civil engineering (and bridges specifically) at the University of Nottingham. “In the past, masonry arch-type bridges were common,” he adds.
“These heavy stone structures looked beautiful but eventually gave way to steel bridges with truss systems.”
But don’t make the mistake of assuming metal bridges can’t be works of art, too.
“Steel allowed longer spans to be created,” points out Professor Prendergast.
“The newest bridges tend to be made from reinforced concrete and other composite materials, but all of these structures can be aesthetically pleasing, and it’s a matter of personal opinion when it comes to whether the original masonry style is easier on the eye!”
Don’t look down: Where are the world’s highest railway bridges?
While the newest skyscrapers are often the tallest, the same doesn’t apply to railway bridges. Montenegro’s Mala Rijeka Viaduct became the world’s highest railway bridge when it opened in 1973.
That title has now been taken by a newer bridge in Guizhou, China.
But the Mala Rijeka Viaduct’s stats are still impressive – at its highest point, the 499-metre-long bridge hovers 200 metres above the river below. Unsurprisingly, a structure of this size needs some serious support, and the largest pillar rests on a base that is the same size as a tennis court.
Southern France’s Viaur Viaduct might not have the height of the Mala Rijeka Viaduct, but it’s no less impressive. The beautiful steel structure was built in 1902.
Famous for its elegant design and soaring arches, its longest span measures 220 metres. Architect Paul Bodin achieved its graceful look by embracing a new technique known as balanced arches, which allowed less metal to be used, and relied on a counterbalancing technique rather than extra materials to provide strength.
The bridge, which is 116 metres above the Viaur River Valley at its highest point, was truly a labour of love, made with 3,800 tonnes of metal and held together with 160 tonnes of steel rivets, all of which had to be tightened by hand.
Miracles of masonry in France and England
Bridges don’t get more beautiful than the Chamborigaud Viaduct – a 29-arch, 384-metre-long bridge built in the late 1800s by architect Charles Dombre for the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranean Railway Company.
A masonry bridge that made the Cévennes region – with its deep valleys and soaring hills – much more accessible, the viaduct was designated a historical monument by the French government in 1984.
Another masonry marvel is northern England’s Whalley Viaduct, built to carry the Blackburn to Clitheroe railway line across the River Calder Valley. Unveiled in 1850, it was made with six million bricks and has 48 arches.
This towering structure has often been compared to a cathedral or monastery. It’s suspected this was intentional. The viaduct is close to Whalley Abbey, which dates back to the 1200s, and Terence Woulfe Flanagan, the engineer behind the bridge, was inspired by the abbey’s ecclesiastical design.
Another majestic work of masonry is the Ouse Valley Viaduct in Sussex, England. When it was constructed in the 1840s, it was well ahead of its time. The 37-arch railway bridge relies on architectural features known as jack arches to reduce the number of bricks required.
Its slimline structure is considered one of England’s most elegant railway bridges and is famous for its varying hues, courtesy of its rust-red bricks (11 million, to be precise) and creamy limestone sourced from Normandy.
Build it and they will come: Famous bridges become tourist attractions
Some of Europe’s most beautiful bridges are now destinations in their own right. One of the finest examples is Scotland’s Glenfinnan Viaduct, which had a starring role in the Harry Potter movies.
Professor Vasilis Sarhosis, an expert on masonry bridges at the University of Leeds’ civil engineering department, is a huge fan and points out that it’s not just its elegant design that sets it apart.
“Glenfinnan Viaduct was constructed more than 100 years ago and it’s still one of the largest bridges in Scotland,” says Professor Sarhosis.
“It was constructed using mass concrete – which means that it doesn’t contain any metal reinforcement, unlike most modern railway bridges today.”
One of the Victorian era’s most spectacular feats of engineering, this 21-arch bridge, which features on certain Scottish banknotes, has a length of 380 metres. The best views are from the Glenfinnan Visitor Centre. It is the starting point for a series of footpaths lined with observation points for those keen to admire this engineering marvel.
Scotland’s aforementioned UNESCO-listed Forth Rail Bridge is another such marvel, located on the outskirts of Edinburgh. It’s been featured in British film classics including The 39 Steps and Carry on Regardless – and in an episode of The Simpsons last year.
Unveiled in 1890, this cantilever-trussed bridge was made with 54,000 tonnes of steel and is famous for its rust-red hue. Today, its colour is down to the use of bespoke red paint created to emulate the original red oxide colouration of the bridge when it first opened.
Another magnet for fans of railway bridges is Switzerland’s Landwasser Viaduct, the most famous spot on the UNESCO-listed Albula Mountain Railway. When the bridge was built in the early 1900s, construction was carried out without scaffolding. Engineers were grateful for the easy access to materials as it was made with limestone hacked from the Dolomite Mountains through which the railway passes.
It’s relatively short compared to the other railway bridges we’ve listed here – it features six arches and is just 142 metres long. Its tight curve and the way one end simply disappears into a mountain – which was nearly impossible to navigate prior to the bridge’s construction – make it unique.
Equally striking is the Sittertal Valley’s Sitter Viaduct, built in 1910 and the highest standard-gauge railway bridge in Switzerland. Famous for its so-called fish-belly central truss (an unsupported central section that relies on strength provided by curving girders beneath the bridge), it championed innovative construction techniques and was hailed as an engineering marvel worldwide.
Further proof that bridges can be attractions in their own right is the Luís I Bridge in Porto, Portugal. One of the world’s most ornate railway bridges, it features stonework adorned with Portugal’s coat of arms. On the upper deck, lamps bathe the bridge with golden light after sunset.
Gustave Eiffel, the genius behind the Eiffel Tower, came close to being its designer, although his plans were eventually rejected and the project was placed in the hands of German engineer Théophile Seyrig, instead.
An innovative bridge to a car-free ski resort
Finally, a look ahead, more specifically, at one of the world’s most innovative railway bridges.
You’ll find the Swiss Alps’ Stoos funicular railway bridge on a funicular railway that connects Schwyz with the car-free ski resort of Stoos. It is the steepest funicular in the world.
Passengers on this mountain railway – which has trains resembling sleek glass orbs – pass through three tunnels and two bridges. The most spectacular bridge is the one spanning the Muota River. While it’s probably not for the traditionalists, it’s still very much worthy of inclusion in our tribute to the world’s most beautiful railway bridges.
Travel
Seat reservations on Spanish trains just got easier for Interrail and Eurail passholders
Interrail and Eurail passholders rejoice, as you can now skip the queues and reserve your seats on long- and medium-distance RENFE trains online.
Rail Europe, a European train booking platform, has expanded its offering to include trains operated by Spain’s state-owned railway, eliminating a major hurdle that has dogged rail passholders for years.
“The addition of RENFE’s passholder fares to our platform is a game-changer for travellers eager to explore Spain with ease,” says Jürgen Witte, Chief Product and Technology Officer of Rail Europe. “This enhancement ensures Interrail and Eurail Global Pass holders can navigate its world-class rail system seamlessly.”
With the new service, passholders can easily see if a seat reservation is required for their journey and what the associated costs will be.
From there, they can make their reservation online, eliminating the need for time-consuming in-person bookings where a lack of Spanish language skills is sometimes an issue.
What’s the problem with booking RENFE seats with a rail pass?
While many Interrail and Eurail trains don’t require seat reservations, Spanish high-speed trains – the Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) – do.
Although Interrail purports to allow bookings on some AVE trains via its self-service system, users report extensive issues in getting the platform to work. Some trains available on Interrail/Eurail are not bookable via the self-service system at all.
Previously, the only option to secure a seat reservation without buying a ticket on a RENFE high-speed train was to call the company. The traveller would then have to go to a RENFE station to pick up and pay for the reservation within 72 hours of booking, which is often not convenient.
“In Spain, almost all trains, apart from purely suburban ones, require a reservation, and RENFE’s own website doesn’t offer passholder reservations,” explains train travel expert Mark Smith, who runs the website The Man in Seat 61.
“Furthermore, Spanish trains can leave fully booked, so you ideally need to book ahead. This was a major issue for using an Interrail or Eurail pass in Spain.”
Smith warns that, particularly on peak travel days, such as Fridays and Saturdays in the summer months, queues can be atrocious. At major stations in Madrid and Barcelona, passengers can wait as long as one or two hours to be served.
The complexity has caused confusion and frustration among travellers. On the Eurail forum, one user said, “Not gonna jump through hoops to go to Spain. I’ll cancel the Spain leg and stay in France.”
How to book seat reservations with RENFE
To reserve a seat on a RENFE high-speed AVE train, simply head to the Rail Europe website.
Click ‘add rail pass’ below the journey planner and select the type and class of pass you hold. Then, you can search for a journey as normal, but you should only see the passholder reservation costs rather than the normal ticket costs.
Smith notes that the Rail Europe system defaults to a second-class reservation in the search results. Holders of first-class passes need to manually change the price drop-down if they want to reserve a first-class seat.
There are other options for booking seats on RENFE with a pass. These include using Dutch agency HappyRail, which has proven to be successful at booking seats on AVE trains, but charges a 3.5 per cent fee.
Interrail and Eurail reservation services have been available since 2023, but success is patchy. Smith notes that, when the systems do work, they allow booking in first or second class, but not in the ‘premium’ class that gets passholders Sala Club lounge access and a meal with wine included on AVE and Euromed trains.
Smith has long recommended Rail Europe as a booking service for Interrail and Eurail passholders, as it has more seat choices, more benefits for first-class passholders, and no booking fees.
“This is a big step forward,” says Smith, “and if one system won’t get you the reservation you want, try the other.”
Where can you travel with RENFE?
RENFE operates a comprehensive route network across Spain, with both its AVE (high-speed) and Larga Distancia (long-distance) trains. On the map below, the purple lines are AVE trains, and the grey lines are the slower long-distance routes.
As well as travelling within Spain, RENFE connects to several international destinations. These include Oporto in Portugal and several destinations in France.
From 23 April, RENFE will launch a new direct Seville-Barcelona train service, cutting out the transfer in Madrid and making it easier to get between the two popular cities.
Along the way, it stops in Córdoba, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Madrid, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, and Girona, which are all attractive destinations to visit, too. The high-speed service takes around six hours and is set to make travel between the south and northeast of Spain a much more convenient option.
Travel
ETIAS scams: Everything Brits need to know about EU travel as ETA launch causes confusion
Brits planning travel to Europe are being warned by an industry body not to fall for scams amid confusion over entry and exit rules.
With the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)coming into force this week, scammers are busy taking advantage of the uncertainty. The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) has warned of fake websites offering a similar pass to British travellers heading into mainland Europe.
From 2 April, Europeans who don’t have a British passport are required to obtain an ETA to visit the UK. The Electronic Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is a similar system that will affect UK travellers heading to Europe.
However, ETIAS is not due to launch for another 18 months, and there is presently no requirement for Brits to obtain any additional documentation to travel.
What authorisations are currently required for travel between the UK and the EU?
The UK’s ETA came into force for Europeans on 2 April, and means any EU passport holders will need to apply for and secure an ETA before visiting the UK.
The scheme has been live for visitors from non-European visa-free nationalities since January. However, its rollout has come with plenty of hiccups and confusion.
“If you have friends, family, or business associates visiting from abroad, they’ll need to check if they need to get an ETA,” says ABTA. “This is one of three changes coming up for travelling across borders between the EU and UK, but the only one to have gone live, meaning there is scope for confusion.”
There is an equivalent rule coming in for Brits traveling to Europe – the ETIAS. However, the ETIAS won’t be introduced until the new EU Entry/Exit system (EES) goes live.
The EES has been pushed back several times already, but is presently anticipated to launch in October 2025. It will be rolled out in stages, so not all changes will take effect immediately.
The ETIAS is expected to be introduced in 2026, and ABTA says likely not before the end of 2026. Even then, ETIAS is expected to be optional for at least six months. Right now, there is no additional documentation required for Brits to holiday in Europe.
“With three new changes coming in over the next couple of years, we’re keen that people understand what it means for them,” says Graeme Buck, director of communications at ABTA. “In short, the only thing to act on now is for European visitors to the UK to apply for an ETA. Nothing will be changing for UK travellers going to Europe this summer.”
How to apply for ETIAS when it comes into effect
ETIAS will be similar to the US ESTA scheme, where a simple online application grants permission to travel within the relevant area for a period of time.
For the EU scheme, the cost of an ETIAS is expected to be around €7 and will be valid for up to three years (or until the passport reaches three months to expiry). It will allow British visitors to stay in any EU country (or countries) for up to 90 days in any 180 day period.
According to the EU, third-country nationals, including the UK, will be granted a ‘grace period’ of six months on a one-time basis if they forget their ETIAS.
“Those coming to Europe for the first time since the end of the transitional period will be allowed to enter without an ETIAS provided they fulfil all remaining entry conditions,” the EU says.
ABTA warns that “people who try to apply for an ETIAS now may be at risk of fraud, with a loss of money and possibly personal data too.”
When the time does come, the only place to apply for an ETIAS will be on the official website. Any apps, websites, or social media posts suggesting there is an alternative route are impostors.
Travellers will need to submit personal information and passport data, as well as disclose any serious convictions in the past 20 years. They must state the reason for their travel and where they will be staying, as well as the Schengen Area country they will first be visiting.
The fee is payable for all applicants aged between 18 and 70. Those under 18 or over 70 will still need to apply for the document, but won’t be charged.
“With two further changes planned, the situation may not seem simple,” adds Buck. “As the changes affecting UK travellers start to come in towards the end of the year, ABTA and our members will be on hand to support travellers.”
Travel
UK ETA travel permit: British dual nationals flag issues with application system
The UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) system has officially expanded to European travellers.
Starting 2 April 2025, all EU (except Irish nationals), EEA, and Swiss citizens need ETA approval to enter the UK.
The system became mandatory for travellers from the US, Canada and Australia on 8 January 2025, following its rollout last November for nationals of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.
To obtain the visa waiver, which costs £10 (€12) from today or £16 (€19) from 9 April, travellers need to complete an online process – but some British citizens with dual nationality are already flagging issues.
How to apply for the UK’s ETA visa waiver
Travellers can either use the official mobile app, which can be downloaded from the UK government website, or apply online here.
To complete the application, you need the passport you’ll be travelling on, an email address and a credit card, debit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. You will have to answer a set of suitability questions. You don’t need to enter your travel details.
The government advises applying at least three working days before your trip.
You can delete the app when you’ve finished applying. Your ETA will be linked to your passport digitally, and you will not need to show anything else when you enter the UK.
Though it seems pretty simple, the application process has left a handful of British dual nationals confused about whether they need to apply for the visa waiver or not.
ETA application issues for British dual nationals
In theory, British citizens with dual nationality do not need ETA and should be able to travel to the UK on whatever passport they choose.
But confusion has arisen for those who don’t have a British passport because theirs is expired, lost, or they were never issued with one.
If they choose to travel on their EU passport, the process of applying for ETA – and whether it is necessary – remains unclear.
The ETA application form asks travellers to declare any other nationalities, but the drop-down menu does not give the option to select ‘British citizen’.
Should British dual nationals continue with their application without declaring their ‘secondary’ nationality, they would theoretically be forced to give misinformation about their dual nationality.
Euronews Travel posed the question to an ETA advisor from the Home Office on their web chat.
The advisor refused to give guidance about not declaring British nationality on the ETA form. They stated that if you are a dual citizen with British/Irish citizenship, you do not need an ETA.
However, “you prove your permission to travel using your valid British/Irish passport or other passport containing a certificate of entitlement to the right of abode in the UK.”
When asked what to do if the traveller is not in possession of any of these documents, the advisor responded, “You either need to apply for a British passport or a certificate of entitlement”.
Renewing a UK passport from overseas costs £101 (€123), while a certificate of entitlement comes with a £550 (€658) fee. Both application processes take several weeks.
Euronews Travel has reached out to the Home Office for official guidance.
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