Travel
Fasten your seatbelt: The most turbulent European flight routes revealed
It seems we heard more about turbulence in 2024 than ever before.
Multiple reports of injuries on turbulent flights hit the headlines, including one Singapore Airlines flight where a passenger sadly died. This was the first time a person had been killed on a flight due to turbulence since 1997.
Data from the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) suggests that from 2009 to 2023, 37 passengers and 146 crew members were seriously injured due to turbulence, and it remains the single biggest cause of injuries on a commercial flight.
Turbulence can happen anywhere, but certain characteristics can make it more prevalent. So where in Europe are the most turbulent routes, and how do they compare with the rest of the world?
Europe’s most turbulent flight routes
New research from turbulence tracking website Turbli has highlighted which routes in Europe are the most likely to experience bumps. Eight of the top 10 most turbulent routes begin or end in Switzerland, with other routes passing over or around the Alps.
To quantify the likelihood of turbulence, Turbli uses eddy dissipation rate (EDR). This is a measurement of atmospheric turbulence that’s independent of the aircraft’s characteristics. It’s the standard metric for aviation turbulence used by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).
In full, the most turbulent routes in Europe in 2024 were:
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Nice – Geneva: EDR 16.07
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Nice – Zurich: 15.49
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Milan – Zurich: 15.41
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Milan – Lyon: 15.37
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Nice – Basel: 15.33
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Geneva – Zurich: 15.05
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Nice – Lyon: 14.99
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Geneva – Venice: 14.78
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Lyon – Zurich: 14.74
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Venice – Zurich: 14.67
According to Turbli, anything under an EDR of 20 is considered ‘light,’ with those between 20 and 40 being moderate. No routes in the world ranked as strong (40-60) or extreme (80-100) on a yearly average basis, although some individual incidents may well have crossed these thresholds.
Nevertheless, extreme turbulence is uncommon in Europe, so even these most turbulent routes are unlikely to see some of the devastating incidents of recent months.
In comparison, the most turbulent routes in the world were all in South America, crisscrossing the Andes mountain range. The most turbulent route, with an EDR of 24.68, was Mendoza to Santiago, with Cordoba to Santiago in second, and Mendoza to Salta in third.
Why is turbulence more common near mountains?
In general, flying over or near mountains can cause turbulence, largely due to the way the wind interacts with the terrain.
When winds hit a mountainous area, they can be forced to rise upwards over the peaks, causing updraughts. These upwardly mobile currents may then hit a stable air barrier at altitude, forcing them back towards the ground again and creating a downdraught.
High peaks can also create something known as ‘mountain waves,’ caused by disturbance to horizontal airflow. These oscillations on the downwind side of high ground can cause vertical currents as strong as 2,000 ft/min, making the skies above rather bumpy.
These disruptions in air currents can effectively disrupt an aircraft’s flight path, causing the plane to rise, drop, or bounce up and down as it passes through.
Also playing a part in the severity of turbulence is temperature and humidity. The warmer and more humid the air, the more extreme the turbulence will be, explaining why routes over the Andes tend to be worse.
Should you be worried about turbulence and is climate change making it worse?
Modern aircraft are designed to handle even the most extreme turbulence events without becoming damaged. The same cannot be said for passengers, however.
In all the turbulence events we saw in 2024, passengers who were safely strapped into their seats were able to walk away from the aircraft unscathed. It was the passengers and crew members who were not secured who suffered the most serious injuries.
Experts agree that turbulence is getting worse as a result of climate change. Specifically, the greater extremes in temperature and stronger, more unpredictable storms mean extreme turbulence events are likely to become more common. The University of Reading in the UK projects that by 2050 turbulence events will be twice as common.
The aviation industry is working hard to keep passengers safe. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) launched its Turbulence Aware Platform in 2018 and now has over 25 airlines contributing and consuming data through more than 2,600 aircraft. Data from the platform is used in cockpit instruments and flight planning software to better predict and avoid turbulence.
As well as data like this, pilots rely on sophisticated weather radar systems onboard aircraft to detect and avoid areas of turbulence. They also report in real-time to each other if turbulence is encountered on a route.
As much as airlines and aviation bodies are playing their part to help flights avoid turbulence, it can still be incredibly difficult to identify and avoid turbulent air. In particular, clear air turbulence, which has no visual clues to its presence, is almost impossible to identify and avoid.
According to the National Transportation Safety Bureau (NTSB) in 28 per cent of turbulence-related incidents, the flight crew received no warning that they were about to hit trouble.
As such, the advice for passengers concerned about turbulence is to always keep their seatbelt securely fastened when on an aircraft.
Travel
Norway to introduce tourist tax amid record visitor numbers and overtourism concerns
By Euronews Travel
Published on
Norway is set to become the latest European destination to introduce a tourist tax to combat concerns about rising visitor numbers.
Lawmakers approved the new levy on Thursday, which allows municipalities to introduce a 3 per cent tax on overnight stays in “areas particularly affected by tourism”.
The law allows local authorities to apply the tax at their own discretion, and it will be added to accommodation charges. Authorities will also be allowed to adjust the percentage based on the season.
The funds raised by the tax will be used exclusively to improve tourism infrastructure projects that benefit both visitors and local people. Municipalities will have to demonstrate that their facilities are inadequate and have their plans approved by the government to spend the funds.
Cecilie Myrseth, Norway’s minister of trade and industry, said on social media that her government had reached a “historic agreement” to introduce a tourism tax that was “in line with what they have in the rest of Europe”.
The country is the latest in a string of European nations introducing or increasing visitor levies to tackle the growing problem of overtourism. A tax may also be applied to cruise ships that make stops in the country, particularly in areas that are most affected by overtourism.
Norway is experiencing a tourism boom
As tourists increasingly choose cooler, northern European destinations to get away from the heat, Norway has experienced a boom in visitor numbers.
Last year, a record-breaking 38.6 million people booked accommodation in the country. That includes more than 12 million overnight stays by foreign tourists – a 4.2 per cent increase from 2023.
Some previously quiet destinations have been overwhelmed, like the Lofoten islands, where eye-catching images of hiking trails posted on social media have led to an influx of visitors. With a population of 24,500 people distributed across several small towns and villages, keeping up with the cost of all these new visitors has been hard.
A recent survey by industry organisation Norwegian Tourism Partners found that 77 per cent of people in Tromsø, in northern Norway above the Arctic Circle, thought there were too many tourists there. Visitors have been drawn by the Northern Lights, wildlife excursions, Sami cultural experiences and what the city itself has to offer.
The increase in tourism has caused tension with local residents across Norway as infrastructure has struggled to keep up with the boom. Facilities like public toilets and car parks have been overwhelmed in popular destinations.
Some residents have even reported cases of people using their back gardens as toilets, and bemoaned the increased traffic clogging up Norway’s roads.
Travel
Wildfire warnings issued in the Canary Islands as millions prepare to holiday there
As millions of holidaymakers prepare to head to the Canary Islands this summer, authorities have issued a wildfire pre-alert across the archipelago.
The warning, announced by the General Directorate of Emergencies on Sunday, applies to tourist hotspots El Hierro, La Palma, La Gomera, Tenerife and Gran Canaria.
It comes as the islands enter a high-risk fire period following the wet season, as hot, dry winds known as the ‘calima’ begin blowing in from the Sahara Desert.
Fires are common, but they haven’t slowed tourism
The risk of wildfire is nothing new for the Canary Islands.
The volcanic terrain, Mediterranean climate and fire-adapted vegetation – plants that have evolved to thrive in fire-prone environments – make them susceptible to summer blazes, and scientists say wildfires are part of the archipelago’s ecological rhythm.
Some of the worst occurred in 2023, when forest fires ravaged Tenerife, destroying more than 15,000 hectares of land and forcing 12,000 people to evacuate. The blaze was later found to have been started by arsonists.
This year, officials are urging tourists and locals alike to take extreme caution, warning against launching fireworks near forests and discarding cigarettes on dry ground.
But even as the fire warnings roll in, the Canaries’ appeal shows no signs of slowing down.
In 2024, the islands welcomed nearly 18 million tourists, including a record-breaking 15.5 million international arrivals. Among them, British travellers led the way, recording 6.3 million visits – up 500,000 from 2023.
Concerns about overtourism mount amid record arrivals
While the Canary Islands continue to attract record numbers of tourists, residents are increasingly voicing concerns about overtourism.
In April 2024, tens of thousands of islanders participated in protests, holding signs that read “the Canary Islands have a limit” while rallying against rising housing costs, environmental damage and the strain on public services.
Over Easter this year, about 80,000 hospitality workers in Tenerife, La Palma, La Gomera and El Hierrowalked out in a dispute with unions over pay.
The surge in short-term rentals has been especially contentious. Locals have reported getting priced out of their neighbourhoods as properties are converted into holiday lets, the cost of living soars and wages stagnate.
Despite these concerns, tourism remains a significant part of the Canary Islands’ economy, accounting for approximately 35 per cent of its GDP.
Tenerife still reigns supreme
After welcoming seven million tourists in 2024, Tenerife remains the most visited island.
Its year-round sunshine and wide beaches keep it a firm favourite among families, especially during the UK’s summer school break and throughout the winter months.
As the peak summer season picks up, local tourism boards have made no indication that the fire pre-alerts will disrupt travel plans.
But authorities remain focused on prevention this year.
More than 2,000 firefighters are on standby. Meanwhile, the government has distributed detailed safety advice, urging people to prepare a go-bag, stay informed and follow emergency evacuation or shelter-in-place instructions if fires erupt.
Travel
Violent turbulence hits Ryanair flight in Germany, forcing an emergency landing and injuring 9
By Euronews Travel with AP
Published on
Severe storms in southern Germany forced a Ryanair flight to make an emergency landing late Wednesday after violent turbulence injured nine people on board, German police said in a statement Thursday.
The flight, travelling from Berlin to Milan with 179 passengers and six crew members, encountered turbulence so intense around 8:30 pm that the pilot was forced to make an unscheduled landing at Memmingen Airport in Bavaria.
Eight passengers and one crew member were hurt.
Three people were taken to the hospital in Memmingen for treatment; the other injured people were released after receiving outpatient treatment. As a precaution, all passengers were checked for injuries by the emergency services.
Authorities did not permit the plane to continue flying, and the airline arranged bus transport for passengers. Milan is about 380 kilometres south of Memmingen.
More bad weather expected in Germany
Elsewhere in the region, storms damaged several homes in Ulm, Baden-Württmberg, according to the German news agency dpa.
In the Donaustetten district, strong winds tore roofs off multiple row houses, rendering them uninhabitable, though no injuries were reported. Fire officials suspect a small tornado or waterspout caused the damage. The German Weather Service (DWD) is investigating, according to dpa.
Storm-related emergency calls also came from other areas in southern Germany, where damage was mostly limited to fallen trees and flooded basements.
The DWD warned of further storms on Thursday, 5 June, with hail, strong winds, and localised heavy rain expected.
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