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Planning your next flight? How Europe’s different air passenger taxes impact your wallet

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French pilots are calling for a strike over rising taxes. But what do air passenger taxes mean for your wallet?

In France this week, the national union of airline pilots (‘Syndicat national des pilotes de ligne’ or ‘SNPL’) is calling a strike to protest the rise in air taxes. Concerns have been voiced that the latest planned amendment to aviation taxes could lead to tens of thousands of job losses in the country and affect tourism.

Air passenger taxes across Europe have increased this year. Read on to discover how this impacts the cost of your next flight.

What is air passenger duty tax?

Air passenger taxes are usually in addition to other taxes you pay when you book a flight.

Governments add them to encourage flyers to consider the environmental impact of their travel choices and discourage unnecessary air travel.

As you would expect, each country calculates their taxes differently based on the size of airports, popular regions, and types of aircraft, such as commercial planes and private jets.

Collecting these taxes is the responsibility of airlines, who charge them to customers as part of their ticket. The money is then spent at the discretion of each country’s government, often to fund public services.

These air passenger levies can raise substantial sums – for example, the UK government raised over £3 billion (€3.75 billion) between 2019 and 2020.

Some taxes, such as the French Eco Air Tax, are specifically designed to fund climate and environment-related issues, such as raising revenue for alternative transportation modes and more sustainable aviation infrastructure.

Who is for and against air passenger taxes?

Airlines are concerned about what extra taxes mean to passengers and call them “anti-growth”.

IATA director general Willie Walsh slammed the German tax this year, while Ryanair’s chief executive Michael O’Leary said that the UK’s planned Air Passenger Duty (APD) rise would cause the budget airline to cut its flights to and from the UK by 10 per cent, which is the equivalent of five million passengers.

Environmental campaigners say that air passenger duty taxes could go much further to discourage flying.

Hannah Lawrence at Stay Grounded, a network to counter aviation, says, “Measures to stop the growth of air traffic are exactly what we need.”

“We need to see effective policies implemented across Europe that fairly reduce air traffic, such as the implementation of a Frequent Flying Levy. [This] would reduce emissions by reducing excessive flights for wealthy passengers.”

When Switzerland proposed a ticket tax (or ‘flugticketabgabe’) in 2021 to reduce aviation’s impact on climate change, over half of Swiss voters rejected it.

A year later, however, a representative survey conducted by the market research institute GfS Zurich and commissioned by environmental organisation Umverkehr indicated that almost three-quarters of respondents supported the Swiss ticket tax for climate reasons.

Many of the respondents were clear on the potential of such a fund: 75 per cent wanted the tax revenue to go towards Swiss climate protection projects, while 55 per cent wanted to see the money support international rail transport.

Interestingly, younger travellers were less in favour of the Swiss ticket tax.

How do European countries compare on their passenger air tax?

Passenger taxes are in addition to other taxes, including airport taxes based on the traffic volume at different airports and civil aviation tax.

France

France has an eco tax, known as ‘éco-taxe’ or ‘éco-contribution’, which first came into effect in January 2020. It applies to travellers departing from French airports.

Passengers travelling to destinations in the European Economic Area (EEA), the United Kingdom and Switzerland are charged either €2.63 or € 20.27 per passenger, depending on their class of travel.

For all other destinations, passengers pay €7.51 on the lower rate and €63.07 on the higher rate per passenger.

Germany

Germany’s aviation tax covers passengers on commercial flights, and a price increase came into effect on 1 May 2024.

The rates are fixed at €15.53 per passenger for short-haul domestic flights and €39.34 per passenger on long-haul flights no more than 6,000 kilometres, and includes countries in North and Central Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

For some destinations, including transatlantic flights, the rate is €70.83 per passenger.

Italy

Any passengers arriving or departing from an Italian airport pay the Italian aero taxi tax, known as ‘imposta erariale sui voli dei passeggeri di aerotaxi’, which is similarly based on the distance travelled.

The lowest rate is €10 per passenger when the distance is below 100 kilometres and can be up to €200 per passenger for distances over 1,400 kilometres.

Commercial flights that sell seats rather than rent out the entire aircraft and private, non-commercial flights are both exempt from the tax.

UK

The UK’s APD was first introduced in 1994. Fees are based on distance in miles from London. The system also considers different classes of travel, with business and first-class passengers paying higher rates.

It was recently announced that the APD will increase from April 2026, meaning an extra £2 per passenger will be charged for economy tickets on short-haul international flights.

The lowest rate starts at £8 (€9.53) per passenger for domestic flights and can be as high as £1,141 (€1359.72) for private jet passengers.

According to Ryanair, this latest APD tax rise means that a family of four flying to Spain from the UK will need to pay an extra £60 (€71.50).

There remains an unusual loophole in Britain’s scheme, known as the ‘Inverness Immunity’.

Savvy travellers can avoid paying any APD by opting for return flights from Inverness, a small airport in the Scottish Highlands, to hubs like London and Amsterdam. As long as connecting flights are within a 24-hour window, passengers can avoid the tax due to an exemption that protects the region’s remote rural and island communities.

Denmark

Denmark is still to launch its passenger tax on air travel (‘passagerafgift på flyrejser’), which will come into effect on 1 January 2025. The specific goal of this tax is to support the country’s green transformation by investing in more sustainable aviation and transport technologies.

There are three tax rates based on the final destination of a journey, including intra-European, medium-distance, and long-distance journeys.

The tax applies to all commercial flights from Denmark, except flights from the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

The Netherlands

The Netherlands first implemented its air passenger tax in January 2021 and has one of the highest in Europe, costing €29.05 in 2024, regardless of a passenger’s final destination.

Children under two years of age, flight crew on active duty and inactive flight crew travelling to another airport for the purpose of work, as well as transit and connecting passengers, are exempt from paying.

Portugal

Portugal adopted its aviation carbon tax, known as ‘taxa de carbono sobre viagens aéreas’, in July 2021.

The tax law has undergone significant changes and now covers both commercial flights and non-commercial private jet flights, but for the average commercial passenger, it’s €2 each.

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Brits could soon enjoy shorter passport control queues at EU airports. Here’s why

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British holidaymakers will soon be able to use e-gates at more EU airports, the UK government has announced.

It comes as part of negotiations between the UK government and the European Union to finalise a ‘post-Brexit reset deal’.

It means British passport holders will no longer have to wait at manned desks and will instead be allowed to use fast-track e-gates usually reserved for EU or European Economic Area citizens.

EU Relations Minister Nick Thomas-Symonds said this would give British travellers “more time to spend on holiday or work trips […] doing what you want, not being stuck in queues.”

The UK government said the move would end “the dreaded queues at border control.”

UK travellers have to join ‘other nations’ queue at EU airports

Following Brexit, UK citizens forfeited their privileged status when travelling to EU countries.

They now fall into the ‘visa-exempt third-country nationals’ category – the same classification as travellers from dozens of countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Singapore.

This has meant British travellers must join the ‘other nations’ queue at border control rather than using the expedited EU lanes.

The requirement to check that British travellers meet entry conditions is a significant obstacle to allowing them to use the fast-track lanes.

EU border control has to verify that UK travellers are not in breach of the 90-day stay limit in 180 days and that they have the means to return to their country of origin, i.e. a flight ticket out of the EU.

Frontier officials must also stamp the passenger’s passport.

This change often translates to extended waiting times, especially at busy European airports like Amsterdam Schiphol, Milan Malpensa, and Paris Charles de Gaulle.

Waits exceeding an hour have become commonplace, especially when arriving shortly after large international flights.

These delays affect not only entry into EU countries but also departure, as British travellers must undergo exit checks that sometimes result in missed flights due to lengthy queues.

UK travellers will be able to use e-gates at many European airports

Under the new deal, British travellers will be able to take advantage of the faster e-gate passport checks at many EU airports.

No details have yet been released on when this will be introduced and where, although the BBC reported that British Prime Minister Keir Starmer “has called on all EU members to co-operate without delay.”

Some EU airports will likely allow UK travellers to use existing e-gates reserved for EU citizens, while others may install dedicated ‘third-country national’ e-gates.

The latter are already in place across Italy, including Venice Marco Polo and Rome Fiumicino, as well as at Amsterdam Schiphol and Lisbon.

With this system, once the traveller passes through the gate, there is a brief check by border officials who will also stamp passports.

Brits will use e-gates in all airports after introduction of EES

In addition, the UK government underlined that there will be “no legal barriers to e-gate use for British Nationals travelling to and from European Union Member States after the introduction of the European Union Entry/Exit System [EES].”

The EES is scheduled to come into force in October this year. The system will register non-EU visitors who don’t need a visa digitally, removing the need for physical stamps.

New pet passports will make it easier for Brits to bring pets into EU

The UK government also announced that new pet passports will be introduced as part of the deal.

This means UK cats and dogs will be able to travel “more easily” from the UK into the EU by “eliminating the need for animal health certificates for every trip.”

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Three killed in lightning strike at Cambodia’s Angkor Wat UNESCO temple complex

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Three people have been killed and several others injured after they were struck by lightning during a visit to Cambodia’s famous Angkor Wat temple complex.

They group had been seeking shelter around the main temple of the UNESCO site when the lightning strike happened late on Friday afternoon.

Video posted on social media showed two ambulances arriving in the aftermath and onlookers and site officials carrying some of the injured people and helping others out on foot.

Other images showed multiple people being treated in hospital.

The day after the incident, Cambodia’s Minister of Tourism Hout Hak issued a statement telling people to take down online posts about the incident, saying the spreading of “negative information” could harm the country’s tourism sector.

Authorities have released no information about the strike, but an official on Monday, speaking on condition of anonymity due to the sensitivity of the issue, confirmed to the Associated Press that the three people killed were all Cambodian nationals.

The Cambodian Red Cross also posted an update saying it had delivered care packages to the families of two of the victims, a 34-year-old man and a 52-year-old woman.

The Red Cross refused to comment further by phone.

A spokesman for the Angkor Wat site did not respond to requests for comment, nor did a regional health official.

Angkor Wat is Cambodia’s best-known tourist attraction, attracting some 2.5 million visitors annually and is featured prominently on the country’s flag.

UNESCO calls the site, which sprawls across some 400 square kilometres and contains the ruins of Khmer Empire capitals from the 9th to the 15th centuries, one of the most important archaeological sites in Southeast Asia.

Cambodia has been actively developing the area to attract more visitors, including opening a new $1.1 billion (€890 million) Chinese-funded airport in nearby Siem Reap.

Its move to relocate some 10,000 families squatting in the Angkor Wat area to a new settlement has drawn widespread criticism from human rights groups and UNESCO itself has also expressed concern.

Cambodian authorities have said the families are being voluntarily relocated, but Amnesty International and other groups have questioned how voluntary those relocations have been.

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  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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‘Leave them where they belong’: Bruges implores tourists to stop stealing cobblestones

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Tourists have been caught smuggling all kinds of stolen souvenirs home from holidays, from artefacts picked up in Pompeii to sand from Italy’s famous pink beach on the island of Sardinia.

The Belgian city of Bruges is the latest victim of keepsake crime, but the item visitors have taken a fancy to is unexpected.

The city council has reported the theft of dozens of cobblestones from the city centre, and suspects tourists are the culprits.

Tourists suspected of pilfering Bruges’ cobblestones

Bruges’ cobblestones are increasingly being pilfered from well-known spots in the UNESCO-designated historic centre, public property councillor Franky Demon reported this week.

“At iconic locations such as Minnewater, Vismarkt, Markt and Gruuthusemuseum, it is estimated that 50 to 70 pieces of cobblestone disappear every month. And that number could be even higher,” Demon told press.

“The phenomenon increases significantly, especially during busy tourist periods such as spring and summer,” he added.

For this reason, authorities suspect visitors are pocketing the stone as souvenirs.

‘Leave that cobblestone where it belongs’

As well as damaging a valuable part of the city’s heritage, the stolen stones have created safety issues.

The gaps from removed stones present trip hazards for pedestrians – and are costly to repair.

“It’s unfortunate that our employees constantly have to go out to fix potholes and loose stones. This causes a lot of additional work and costs: about 200 euros per square metre of reconstruction,” explained Demon.

The councillor urged visitors to respect the historical environment of Bruges.

“We simply ask for respect. Anyone walking through Bruges crosses centuries of history. Leave that cobblestone where it belongs,” he said.

Bruges’ cobblestones are apparently not the only sought-after street souvenir.

Along the famous Paris-Roubaix cycling route, tourists are known to pilfer parts of the pavement.

While Rome’s iconic ‘sampietrini’ – cobblestones made of solidified lava – have also disappeared into suitcases over the years.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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