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Planning your next flight? How Europe’s different air passenger taxes impact your wallet

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French pilots are calling for a strike over rising taxes. But what do air passenger taxes mean for your wallet?

In France this week, the national union of airline pilots (‘Syndicat national des pilotes de ligne’ or ‘SNPL’) is calling a strike to protest the rise in air taxes. Concerns have been voiced that the latest planned amendment to aviation taxes could lead to tens of thousands of job losses in the country and affect tourism.

Air passenger taxes across Europe have increased this year. Read on to discover how this impacts the cost of your next flight.

What is air passenger duty tax?

Air passenger taxes are usually in addition to other taxes you pay when you book a flight.

Governments add them to encourage flyers to consider the environmental impact of their travel choices and discourage unnecessary air travel.

As you would expect, each country calculates their taxes differently based on the size of airports, popular regions, and types of aircraft, such as commercial planes and private jets.

Collecting these taxes is the responsibility of airlines, who charge them to customers as part of their ticket. The money is then spent at the discretion of each country’s government, often to fund public services.

These air passenger levies can raise substantial sums – for example, the UK government raised over £3 billion (€3.75 billion) between 2019 and 2020.

Some taxes, such as the French Eco Air Tax, are specifically designed to fund climate and environment-related issues, such as raising revenue for alternative transportation modes and more sustainable aviation infrastructure.

Who is for and against air passenger taxes?

Airlines are concerned about what extra taxes mean to passengers and call them “anti-growth”.

IATA director general Willie Walsh slammed the German tax this year, while Ryanair’s chief executive Michael O’Leary said that the UK’s planned Air Passenger Duty (APD) rise would cause the budget airline to cut its flights to and from the UK by 10 per cent, which is the equivalent of five million passengers.

Environmental campaigners say that air passenger duty taxes could go much further to discourage flying.

Hannah Lawrence at Stay Grounded, a network to counter aviation, says, “Measures to stop the growth of air traffic are exactly what we need.”

“We need to see effective policies implemented across Europe that fairly reduce air traffic, such as the implementation of a Frequent Flying Levy. [This] would reduce emissions by reducing excessive flights for wealthy passengers.”

When Switzerland proposed a ticket tax (or ‘flugticketabgabe’) in 2021 to reduce aviation’s impact on climate change, over half of Swiss voters rejected it.

A year later, however, a representative survey conducted by the market research institute GfS Zurich and commissioned by environmental organisation Umverkehr indicated that almost three-quarters of respondents supported the Swiss ticket tax for climate reasons.

Many of the respondents were clear on the potential of such a fund: 75 per cent wanted the tax revenue to go towards Swiss climate protection projects, while 55 per cent wanted to see the money support international rail transport.

Interestingly, younger travellers were less in favour of the Swiss ticket tax.

How do European countries compare on their passenger air tax?

Passenger taxes are in addition to other taxes, including airport taxes based on the traffic volume at different airports and civil aviation tax.

France

France has an eco tax, known as ‘éco-taxe’ or ‘éco-contribution’, which first came into effect in January 2020. It applies to travellers departing from French airports.

Passengers travelling to destinations in the European Economic Area (EEA), the United Kingdom and Switzerland are charged either €2.63 or € 20.27 per passenger, depending on their class of travel.

For all other destinations, passengers pay €7.51 on the lower rate and €63.07 on the higher rate per passenger.

Germany

Germany’s aviation tax covers passengers on commercial flights, and a price increase came into effect on 1 May 2024.

The rates are fixed at €15.53 per passenger for short-haul domestic flights and €39.34 per passenger on long-haul flights no more than 6,000 kilometres, and includes countries in North and Central Africa, the Middle East, and Central Asia.

For some destinations, including transatlantic flights, the rate is €70.83 per passenger.

Italy

Any passengers arriving or departing from an Italian airport pay the Italian aero taxi tax, known as ‘imposta erariale sui voli dei passeggeri di aerotaxi’, which is similarly based on the distance travelled.

The lowest rate is €10 per passenger when the distance is below 100 kilometres and can be up to €200 per passenger for distances over 1,400 kilometres.

Commercial flights that sell seats rather than rent out the entire aircraft and private, non-commercial flights are both exempt from the tax.

UK

The UK’s APD was first introduced in 1994. Fees are based on distance in miles from London. The system also considers different classes of travel, with business and first-class passengers paying higher rates.

It was recently announced that the APD will increase from April 2026, meaning an extra £2 per passenger will be charged for economy tickets on short-haul international flights.

The lowest rate starts at £8 (€9.53) per passenger for domestic flights and can be as high as £1,141 (€1359.72) for private jet passengers.

According to Ryanair, this latest APD tax rise means that a family of four flying to Spain from the UK will need to pay an extra £60 (€71.50).

There remains an unusual loophole in Britain’s scheme, known as the ‘Inverness Immunity’.

Savvy travellers can avoid paying any APD by opting for return flights from Inverness, a small airport in the Scottish Highlands, to hubs like London and Amsterdam. As long as connecting flights are within a 24-hour window, passengers can avoid the tax due to an exemption that protects the region’s remote rural and island communities.

Denmark

Denmark is still to launch its passenger tax on air travel (‘passagerafgift på flyrejser’), which will come into effect on 1 January 2025. The specific goal of this tax is to support the country’s green transformation by investing in more sustainable aviation and transport technologies.

There are three tax rates based on the final destination of a journey, including intra-European, medium-distance, and long-distance journeys.

The tax applies to all commercial flights from Denmark, except flights from the Faroe Islands and Greenland.

The Netherlands

The Netherlands first implemented its air passenger tax in January 2021 and has one of the highest in Europe, costing €29.05 in 2024, regardless of a passenger’s final destination.

Children under two years of age, flight crew on active duty and inactive flight crew travelling to another airport for the purpose of work, as well as transit and connecting passengers, are exempt from paying.

Portugal

Portugal adopted its aviation carbon tax, known as ‘taxa de carbono sobre viagens aéreas’, in July 2021.

The tax law has undergone significant changes and now covers both commercial flights and non-commercial private jet flights, but for the average commercial passenger, it’s €2 each.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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‘Stranded’: Bali travel chaos after flights grounded due to ash cloud from deadly volcano

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Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki volcano has so far killed 10 people and injured dozens of others.

A volcano on a remote Indonesian island continues to spew towering columns of hot ash into the air, making it too dangerous for flights to land or depart from Bali’s international airport.

Travellers have been stranded at Bali’s I Gusti Ngurah Rai airport since flight cancellations began at the weekend.

“The airline did not provide accommodation, leaving us stranded at this airport,” said Charlie Austin from Perth, Australia, who was on vacation in Bali with his family.

It is unclear when the ash cloud will clear and allow the airport to resume normal operations.

Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki volcano on the island of Flores in East Nusa Tenggara province has been shooting hot ash high into the air since it first erupted on 4 November, killing ten people so far and injuring dozens of others.

The 1,584-meter volcano shot up ash at least 17 times on Tuesday, with the largest column recorded at 9 kilometres high, the Center for Volcanology and Geological Disaster Mitigation said in a statement.

Bali flights: Are all departures and arrivals cancelled?

I Gusti Ngurah Rai airport’s website currently shows most international departures for today (Wednesday) as either cancelled or delayed, while a few flights, to destinations such as Istanbul and Kuala Lumpur, do appear to be taking off as scheduled.

The advice to passengers is to contact your airline or check their website or social media channels before leaving for the airport.

Sicne the weekend, 84 flights, including 36 scheduled to depart and 48 due to arrive, were cancelled or delayed.

Airport authorities said that at least 26 domestic flights and 64 overseas ones were cancelled on Wednesday alone, including airlines from Singapore, Hong Kong, Qatar, India and Malaysia. For these cancellations, the airlines were offering travellers a refund, or to reschedule or reroute.

Air New Zealand cancelled a flight to Denpasar scheduled for Wednesday and a return service to Auckland due to depart Bali on Thursday. Passengers would be rebooked and the airline would continue to monitor the movement of ash in the coming days, Chief Operating Officer Alex Marren said.

Jetstar Bali flights: Australian airlines worst hit by cancellations

Australian airlines use Bali’s international airport more than any others, since Bali is a very popular holiday destination with Australians.

Budget airline Jetstar has paused its flights to Bali until at least Thursday, it said on its website, saying it was “currently not safe” to operate the route.

They say they understand that some passengers may no longer wish to fly to Bali, in which case anyone with flights booked between 13 and 17 November have the option to postpone their flight by three weeks or get credit to use with the airline. For full details on your options, check their website.

Jetstar’s statement went on to say:

“We understand that this is a difficult situation for impacted customers. Safety is always our number one priority and we thank customers for their patience and understanding.

Impacted customers will be notified directly and will be provided with a range of options.

Capacity on our existing scheduled services is limited and we understand that some customers may be concerned about how quickly they can rebook their flights.

We continue to monitor the situation closely and are planning to add extra flights to get customers to their destination as soon as possible.

We will provide an update on flights scheduled to operate after 12noon AEDT on Thursday.”

Virgin Australia’s website showed 10 services to and from Bali were cancelled on Wednesday. Qantas said it has delayed three flights. Some airlines are offering fare refunds for upcoming Bali flights to passengers who don’t want to travel.

Are passengers on Bali flights entitled to a refund or compensation?

Rules vary by country or region but EU airlines have to offer a refund or new flight if they cancel your flight. However if the cancellation is due to weather-related events, they sometimes claim this is an “act of God” to get out of paying passengers.

However for this volcano affecting Bali, some airlines have already said they will cover refunds or offer new flights so the chances are quite good.

Travel insurance is designed to cover unforeseen events, such as emergency medical expenses, lost or stolen belongings and last-minute cancellations.

In some cases, you can be reimbursed if your trip is cancelled due to extreme weather – but certain conditions usually apply.

Check your policy for a list of covered reasons for trip cancellation, as these vary by provider. Some may provide add-ons for weather-related circumstances.

Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki volcano: 9 kilometre high ash cloud

Authorities on Tuesday expanded the exclusion zone as the volcano erupted again to 9 kilometres high. Volcanic materials, including smoldering rocks, lava, and hot, thumb-size fragments of gravel and ash, have been thrown up to 8 kilometres from the crater since Friday.

About 6,500 people were evacuated in January after Mount Lewotobi Laki Laki began erupting, spewing thick clouds and forcing the government to close the island’s Fransiskus Xaverius Seda Airport. No casualties or major damage were reported, but the airport has remained closed because of seismic activity.

Lewotobi Laki Laki is one of a pair of stratovolcanoes in the East Flores district of East Nusa Tenggara province, known locally as the husband-and-wife mountains. ‘Laki laki’ means man, while its mate is Lewotobi Perempuan, or woman. It’s one of the 120 active volcanoes in Indonesia, an archipelago of 280 million people.

The country is prone to earthquakes, landslides and volcanic activity because it sits along the ‘Ring of Fire’, a horseshoe-shaped series of seismic fault lines around the Pacific Ocean.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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What would a single-ticket booking system mean for your next European train adventure?

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The complexity of train travel across Europe’s borders could soon be made easier with plans for a single ticket.

Have you ever travelled by train to visit several European destinations in one interrailing adventure and wished there was a simpler way to cross borders?

Right now, you probably have to have your wits about you as you navigate through a myriad of booking platforms and work out the different ways in which rail providers sell their seats and arrange their schedules.

But it’s not only the inconvenience of booking that’s the issue with the current system.

If you’re committed to more sustainable travel options or simply enjoy the more leisurely experience offered by train travel, then you tend to pay a lot more money than opting to fly between destinations on a budget airline.

The good news is that this could change in the next two years, with the launch of a single European booking system for train tickets.

What this means is that you could travel to multiple destinations on just one ticket with your full travel schedule clearly mapped out.

This new hassle-free experience probably won’t interest you if you have an adventurous spirit and like to regale your friends with stories of missing departures and negotiating cultural differences at the railway station.

But if you’re on a budget or have a time limit on your trip, and you can’t afford to miss connections or pay for new tickets out of pocket, then the new single-ticket system will definitely appeal to you.

How will the new single European booking system work?

Right now, most travellers rely on experts such as Mark Smith, the brains behind Seat61.com, one of the earliest websites offering tips and solutions to the frustrations of travelling across Europe by train.

While it’s early days, a few platforms are already in place that could inspire this new booking system.

For example, Rail Europe and Omio already offer train trips across international borders, yet they still sell each part of the journey on separate tickets.

This new single-ticket proposal is just one of several made by the new EU transport commissioner, Apostolos Tzitzikostas, who is focused on promoting sustainable transport and decarbonisation solutions.

“It is unbelievable that we do not have this in 2024,” says Tzitzikostas, who adds that it would make booking trains as easy as booking a flight.

Tzitzikostas has also proposed ambitious plans for a European high-speed rail network that will better connect Europe’s capitals, including using night trains.

His goal is that by coupling green and digital innovations, travelling through Europe will “remain safe, accessible and affordable”.

As Euronews Travel has previously reported, European sleeper trains are undergoing a renaissance.

More exciting routes are being added, including one that allows you to have dinner in Brussels and wake up in Venice early enough to still catch the bustling morning ‘Mercati di Rialto’ (Rialto market).

The Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER), which represents over 70 railway companies and national associations across Europe, was one of the first supporters of the proposed scheme. It says, “This recognition that digitalisation is essential to help modernise the transport system is vital.”

The new pan-European train booking system is due to launch at some point in 2025.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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All aboard the future: How high-speed battery-powered trains will change European rail travel

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Will you be getting on board the latest revolution in rail travel: battery-powered trains?

Battery-powered trains are looking to shape the future of Europe’s rail after the first successful trial of an intercity battery train in the northeast of England. This ‘tribid’ train easily switches between battery, diesel, and electric power.

Right now, the UK’s railways run diesel trains, which draw their power from overhead electrified wires or onboard diesel generators. However, the last generation of diesel trains is due to be replaced, and so a phase-out to cleaner alternatives is underway.

The trial happened in the region that first brought coal-powered engines to the world and as Britain celebrates 200 years of the modern railway next year.

High-speed and cheaper? Battery-electric trains show promise

Using just one powerful 700kw battery, this innovative technology can run trains at speeds over 75mph (120kph), making them high-speed.

During the trial, the train operated solely on battery power for 70km before switching back to its diesel engine, but the engineers say this range is enough to cover a typical intercity route that includes bridges, tunnels, and stations.

When launched, it’s expected that the train will have a range of between 100 and 150kms.

Single-battery trains not only boast superior performance, but they’re also more cost-effective than diesel trains.

They can reduce fuel costs by around 35 to 50 per cent, according to this trial which was run by Angel Trains, Hitachi Rail, and TransPennine Express.

Passengers will no doubt hope that any cost savings will be passed on to them, particularly given rising ticket costs, which go up every year in many parts of Europe.

Battery-powered trains are more environmentally considerate

Electric trains are currently considered the best solution to delivering clean trains as part of the global railway industry’s transition to net zero. Other options, such as trains that use grey hydrogen, are carbon-intensive, as Euronews Green has previously reported.

Using battery-powered trains reduces the need for rail operators to install or upgrade overhead wires on any unelectrified tracks. In turn, this could save Europe billions of euros in electrification projects.

It’s good news for those who live near train stations, too. Battery-run trains can enter and leave stations in zero-emission mode, drastically reducing noise and air pollution.

“The success of this trial will pave the way for even greener, more reliable journeys for millions of passengers,” said the UK’s rail minister, Lord Hendy.

When will everyone get to travel by battery-powered trains?

The evolution of battery-electric technology is moving quickly.

Hitachi Rail is already considering this next-generation technology for railway networks and other large vehicles globally. This latest success comes after delivering the world’s first passenger battery train in Japan and Europe’s first battery ‘tribrid’ train in Italy, the Masaccio, a couple of years ago.

A EuroMasaccio platform is already on track to be rolled out across European countries, and if Italy’s project is any indication, this could immediately cut CO2 emissions in half when replacing existing diesel train fleets.

Meanwhile, Siemens Mobility has also developed bi-mode battery trains that are already being used by passengers in the Ortenau region of Germany, saving 1.8 million litres of diesel every year. Plans are underway to roll them out across more countries, including the UK and more regions in Germany, within the next decade.

Siemens’ new trains only require small sections of track to be electrified, as the company supplies its own fast-charging points along the route, known as Rail Charging Converters (RCCs).

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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