Fethullah Gülen, a prominent Turkish cleric and advocate for interfaith dialogue and education, passed away on October 21, 2024, in a Pennsylvania hospital at the age of 86. Known for his emphasis on peace, tolerance, and service to humanity, Gülen dedicated his life to fostering dialogue among religions and promoting moderate interpretations of Islam. His death brings to a close a remarkable chapter in both Turkish history and global Islamic thought.

Gülen’s legacy is shaped by his efforts to encourage altruism, education, and interfaith understanding. He founded the Gülen movement, or “Hizmet” (meaning “service” in Turkish), which built a global network of schools, universities, and charitable organizations that promoted these values. The movement emphasized that education and ethical leadership are essential to a peaceful, just society. Gülen’s teachings resonated with millions, not only in Turkey but across the world, as his message reached diverse communities through the network of schools and initiatives.

Despite his peaceful ideology, Gülen became a highly polarizing figure in Turkey. Once aligned with President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, their relationship soured in 2013, and Gülen was later accused of orchestrating the failed coup attempt of 2016, charges he denied until his death. This led to his movement being attacked by the Turkish government, and many of his followers faced heavy persecution, hunting and kidnappings. Turkish representatives have also interefere with political affairs of other countries demanding that followers of Hizmet would not deliver public peaceful statements at Parliaments and official places. However, Gülen remained a staunch proponent of non-violence, consistently advocating for dialogue and mutual respect to resolve differences.

Throughout his life, Gülen was recognized for his commitment to peace, having received awards for his efforts in fostering harmony between different cultures and faiths. His outreach extended to institutions such as the Vatican and Jewish organizations, showcasing his dedication to bridging divides between communities often in conflict. His moderate stance on Islam, coupled with his focus on science, education, and civic responsibility, made him a revered figure among his followers.

Gülen’s passing leaves behind a complex legacy, marked by both admiration for his peaceful contributions and the controversies that shadowed his later years. Nevertheless, he will be remembered by many as a spiritual leader who sought to create a more compassionate, educated, and harmonious world.

A movement of Service

The Gülen movement, also known as Hizmet (meaning “service” in Turkish), stands out as a global initiative that focuses on education, interfaith dialogue, and social service. At its core, the movement seeks to promote values of tolerance, peace, and cooperation across various cultures and religious communities. Founded by Fethullah Gülen, the movement expanded rapidly, particularly through the establishment of schools and educational institutions across Turkey and in over 100 countries worldwide.

Focus on Education and Altruism

One of the most positive aspects of the Gülen movement is its emphasis on education. Gülen viewed education as a means to transform society for the better, advocating for schools that integrate academic excellence with moral values. The schools affiliated with the movement, known for their focus on science, technology, and mathematics, have provided quality education to students from diverse backgrounds, regardless of nationality or religion. This educational initiative is driven by the belief that well-rounded, educated individuals contribute positively to the peace and progress of society.

The movement’s schools not only focus on academic learning but also emphasize character building, with an ethical dimension that encourages students to become compassionate, socially responsible individuals. These schools often promote interfaith understanding and multiculturalism, making them influential in conflict-prone areas by fostering mutual respect and dialogue among different communities.

Promoting Interfaith Dialogue

A central pillar of Gülen’s teachings is his dedication to interfaith dialogue. He consistently encouraged open discussions between different religious traditions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. Gülen himself initiated dialogue with global religious leaders, including the Vatican and Jewish organizations, with the aim of creating understanding and collaboration across religious divides. His efforts were particularly significant in a time when many regions of the world were grappling with religious conflict.

This commitment to dialogue is reflected in various conferences and forums organized by the movement, where people from different faiths come together to discuss issues of common interest such as peace, justice, and mutual coexistence. Through these initiatives, the movement has helped to break down stereotypes and foster a spirit of cooperation, which has been praised by scholars and leaders worldwide.

Social Services and Philanthropy

Beyond education and dialogue, the Gülen movement has made significant contributions in the realm of social services. Various philanthropic activities supported by the movement include disaster relief, healthcare, and assistance to underprivileged communities. The movement’s charitable organizations, both in Turkey and globally, have been at the forefront of humanitarian efforts, helping those affected by natural disasters and economic hardships. Their work has ranged from providing scholarships to disadvantaged students to offering medical aid in countries facing crises.

This altruistic element of the movement aligns with Gülen’s belief in serving humanity and addressing the practical needs of society through compassion and generosity. It has helped thousands of people improve their living conditions and access opportunities for personal development, which otherwise might not have been available to them.

Advocacy for Peaceful Coexistence

The Gülen movement is built on the idea that differences in religion, culture, and ideology should not be sources of conflict but rather opportunities for understanding and collaboration. This ethos has led the movement to advocate for peaceful coexistence, especially in conflict-prone regions where tensions between ethnic and religious groups often escalate into violence. By promoting dialogue and mutual respect, the movement seeks to create environments where diverse groups can live together peacefully.

The movement has often been lauded in international circles for its efforts to counter extremism. Its schools and institutions serve as models of moderation, where students are encouraged to think critically and embrace values of tolerance. This stance has made the movement an influential voice in promoting a balanced interpretation of Islam that aligns with modern, democratic values.

Overall, the Gülen movement’s contributions to education, interfaith dialogue, social service, and the promotion of peace have left a lasting impact on both Turkey and the global community. Despite facing significant political challenges and opposition, particularly in Turkey, the movement’s positive initiatives have garnered respect worldwide for their commitment to fostering understanding and bettering society through peaceful means. Fethullah Gülen’s vision of an educated, compassionate, and tolerant society continues to inspire many even after his passing.

From October 14 to 19, 2024, the international community will come together to celebrate the Erasmus+ programme during the inaugural #ErasmusDays. This week-long event invites students, educators, trainers, professionals, and citizens from around the globe to participate in a variety of activities that highlight the diverse projects and opportunities offered by Erasmus+.

Erasmus+ is the European Union’s flagship programme supporting education, training, youth, and sport across Europe. Launched in 1987, the programme has empowered over 15 million individuals through its various initiatives and predecessors. With a substantial budget of €26.2 billion allocated for 2021-2027, Erasmus+ places significant emphasis on social inclusion, the green and digital transitions, and enhancing young people’s participation in democratic processes.

This year’s Erasmus Days will feature both digital and in-person events, including seminars, multilingual sessions, photo exhibitions, and conferences. Additionally, social media challenges will engage participants, providing a unique platform to connect with people from diverse backgrounds and immerse themselves in different cultures. The 2024 edition will particularly spotlight sports, drawing inspiration from the upcoming Olympic and Paralympic Games in Paris.

Erasmus+ fosters personal and professional growth by facilitating mobility exchanges and cooperative projects. These initiatives offer millions of students, teachers, volunteers, and professionals the chance to gain international experience, develop new skills, and expand their cultural horizons. Beyond individual development, Erasmus+ plays a pivotal role in strengthening European identity by promoting unity through diversity.

As the world eagerly anticipates the Paris Olympics, Erasmus Days 2024 serves as a testament to the programme’s enduring impact on education, culture, and international collaboration. By celebrating the achievements and opportunities of Erasmus+, participants reaffirm their commitment to building a more inclusive and connected Europe.

Moldova is at a crucial crossroads as polling stations opened today for a pivotal referendum. Voters across the nation are tasked with two significant decisions: determining their next president and deciding whether Moldova should embrace European Union (EU) membership.

Current polls indicate that approximately 60% of Moldovans support joining the EU; however, a turnout of at least 33% is required for the referendum to be deemed valid. The potential of a new future is palpable in many regions, yet skepticism persists.

In the capital city of Chișinău, citizens expressed mixed sentiments about EU membership. “Nothing good,” remarked one man, echoing the frustrations of those who have long lived with deteriorating infrastructure and stagnant development. “In all these years they’ve been doing nothing. The roads are completely deteriorated. I don’t see any hope for the future,” he added.

Conversely, many voters believe that EU membership could enhance living standards and wages, issues that have pushed many young Moldovans to seek better opportunities abroad. “I think these elections go hand in hand because I will, of course, choose the European path,” stated an optimistic voter, emphasizing the importance of unifying the nation’s vision for its future.

Polling stations opened at 7 a.m. local time and will close at 9 p.m., with the potential for a presidential runoff on November 3 if incumbent President Maia Sandu does not secure an outright majority. Sandu, a dedicated proponent of EU accession, faces competition from Alexandr Stoianoglo, a former prosecutor general with pro-Russian affiliations polling at around 10%.

Moldova’s minimum wage, currently set at 5,000 leu (approximately €261) per month, ranks among the lowest in Europe. A recent analysis by the independent think tank Idis Viitorul revealed that over 200,000 Moldovans have left the country in the last four years, marking a record high. Alarmingly, more than 40% of Moldovans living overseas fall within the 30 to 44 age demographic, indicating a potential demographic shift by 2030, when those born abroad could outnumber those born in Moldova.

“For about 20 years, we have been talking about Moldova in the European Union, and we are very close now. It is crucial to not miss this opportunity,” remarked President Maia Sandu, who has actively advocated for EU membership. The nation was granted EU candidate status in 2022, signaling a pivotal moment in its European aspirations.

However, the shadow of foreign influence looms large over the referendum. Moldovan authorities have highlighted attempts by Russian-backed campaigns to demobilize voters. Allegations revealed that approximately €14 million in Russian funds were funneled directly to about 130,000 Moldovans in efforts to sway votes against EU integration. Pro-Russian oligarch Ilan Shor, notorious for orchestrating Kremlin-backed operations within Moldova, has even been reported to offer financial incentives for anti-EU votes.

In response, Moldova’s Prime Minister Dorin Recean urged citizens to stay vigilant against external destabilization efforts. “It is up to you, dear citizens, to stop the attack on democracy,” he declared. “On Sunday, you make the choice: do we go back to the past, or do we march towards a future within the family of civilized countries?”

As the nation votes today, the Central Election Commission announced that ballots can be cast at 2,221 polling stations, including 1,957 across Moldova and 234 stations set up in various countries for Moldovans living abroad.