The UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) system has officially expanded to European travellers.

Starting 2 April 2025, all European visitors will need ETA approval – or, for some non-EU nationals, a visa – to enter the UK.

The system became mandatory for travellers from the US, Canada and Australia on 8 January 2025, following its rollout last November for nationals of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

Read on for details on cost, validity and how to get it.

What is the ETA?

The ETA replaces the single-use Electronic Visa Waiver (EVW) scheme, offering a lower cost option with multi-entry validity.

The UK government notes that it is not a visa and does not permit entry into the UK. Rather, it authorises a person to travel to the UK.

The ETA is now required for all eligible nationalities. You can find the full list of countries here.

How do I apply for an ETA to enter the UK?

Most visitors will be able to apply using a mobile app and can expect a decision emailed within three days.

Everyone travelling needs to apply, including babies and children, but you can apply for other people.

The UK government says its app is the quickest and easiest way to apply for an ETA. You can download the ETA app from the UK government website.

If you cannot download the app, you can also apply online here.

To complete the application, make sure you have on hand the passport you’ll be travelling on, an email address and a credit card, debit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. You will have to answer a set of suitability questions. You don’t need to enter your travel details.

You can delete the app when you’ve finished applying. Your ETA will be linked to your passport digitally, and you will not need to show anything else when you enter the UK.

When to apply for your ETA

The government says: “You must apply for an ETA before you travel to the UK. You can travel to the UK while waiting for a decision.”

Considering most applicants will get a decision within three days, it can be assumed you should apply at least three ahead of travelling to the UK, though you can do it much further in advance.

How much does the UK ETA cost?

Like the Electronic System for Travel Authorisation (ESTA) in the US, a fee is attached to the application process.

The ETA costs £10 (approximately €12 at the time of writing), rising to £16 (€19) on 9 April 2025.

How long is the ETA valid?

An ETA lasts for two years. You do not need to apply again during this time.

You can travel to the UK as many times as you want during the period of validity, but you cannot stay for longer than six months on one trip. Check the UK government website for more details on what you can and cannot do on an ETA.

Note that you will need to apply for a new ETA if you get a new passport, as your ETA is linked to it.

Will I need a visa to enter the UK?

As mentioned above, the ETA isn’t a visa, but it does grant permission to enter the country.

All visitors who don’t currently require a visa will need to get an ETA before they travel. This includes those who do not currently need to submit any form of application to visit the UK. US, Canadian, Australian and European citizens need an ETA even for short stays or transiting through the UK, for example.

Travellers from countries that don’t have visa-free entry agreements with the UK will still have to apply for the correct visa and an ETA.

If you don’t apply before your trip, the government says you could be fined, though no further details have been given about this.

You still need to apply if you are transiting through the UK – even if you aren’t going through border control.

The ETA allows you to come to the UK for six months for tourism, visits to family and friends, business or short term study.

You can also get an ETA instead of a visa if you are coming to the UK for up to three months on the Creative Worker visa concession or coming to the UK for a permitted paid engagement. Outside of these conditions, you can’t use an ETA to do paid or unpaid work for a UK company or as a self-employed person.

Who does not need an ETA?

British and Irish citizens, people who already have a visa or permission to live, work or study in the UK, those travelling with a British overseas territories citizen passport and people who live in Ireland and are travelling from Ireland, Guernsey, Jersey or the Isle of Man don’t need to apply for an ETA.

Why is the UK introducing the ETA scheme?

The ETA is part of the UK’s plan to digitise its borders at UK airports by the end of 2025.

The scheme is intended to reduce queues at the border, “helping to speed up legitimate journeys to the UK”.

Facial recognition technology could be used to make these “contactless corridors” possible, British newspaper The Times reports. It would require international travellers to submit biographic and biometric details, like photos of their faces through the new Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) scheme before they fly.

While the pandemic disruption might feel like a lifetime ago to most of us, aviation is still recovering. Supply chains aren’t functioning as they should, and deliveries of new aircraft have been stalled.

With airlines forced to hold onto aircraft for longer, many have taken the plunge and decided to update these old planes with brand-new interiors. Usually, new cabins are debuted on brand new jets, but as these jets aren’t coming fast enough, passengers flying in older aircraft are now being treated to updated cabins.

Etihad recently announced it would invest around $1 billion (€920 million) in refitting its Boeing 777 and 787 aircraft as new planes are taking too long to arrive. Emirates is going even further, spending as much as $5 bn (€4.6 bn) on new interiors for its planes.

Euronews Travel went to see what goes into making an old aircraft look like new, and how these cabin refurbishments deliver more than just passenger comfort.

How to make an old aircraft look brand new

Although airlines like Emirates and Etihad are spending billions on new interiors, you’re unlikely to experience them unless you’re flying long haul. Airlines are taking care of short-haul flyers too, however, with several carriers undertaking significant overhauls of their smaller planes.

Finland’s flag carrier Finnair has recently undertaken a refit of its long-haul Airbus A330 fleet, installing its new business class interiors to bring it into line with its newly delivered A350s. With that complete, it was time to turn its attention to its regional aircraft.

Getting a revamp now is Finnair’s fleet of 12 Embraer E190s, which have an average age of 16.8 years. Operated by its regional partner Norra, some of these aircraft are pushing 19 years old, but thanks to a fresh new look, you’d never know it.

“We see this renewal as an important investment in travel comfort, and our aim is to provide a harmonious, fresh and inviting travel environment for our customers,” explains Eeva Mttila, engineer at Finnair Technical Operations.

Finnair invited Euronews Travel to Exeter Airport in the UK to see one of the Embraers undergoing its refit. To avoid disruption to flight schedules, Finnair timed these refits with scheduled maintenance visits, when the aircraft would’ve been out of action anyway. Even better, when maintenance is carried out on the aircraft, the seats are removed as part of the process. This time the engineers simply installed the new seats.

It takes around a month to carry out the maintenance on the aircraft. Simply refitting the cabin wouldn’t have taken as long, but by combining the two processes in one visit, there’s less downtime for the planes. Exeter Aerospace, based at Exeter Airport, are able to take care of both jobs, making the process seamless for the airline.

When we arrived, the aircraft was empty except for two pairs of seats that had been installed just so we could try them out. Despite their slimline appearance, the seats were remarkably comfortable, with plenty of legroom and good support for your back. The light grey leather finish looks fresh and modern and will give the aircraft an airy, spacious feel.

The carpet wasn’t installed when we visited, but that will also be replaced. These changes bring these regional jets in line with Finnair’s main fleet, using similar materials, colours and finishes. There’s even a small wood panel by the entrance door that echoes the airline’s use of wood in its business class cabins for long-haul flights.

These planes will fly to several destinations in Finland and Europe, including Manchester, Edinburgh, Paris and Dublin. Flight times average around an hour and a half, so the journeys are fairly short. But will all planes have the new cabin?

“Right now, if you fly an Embraer route, you might have the renewed cabin, or you may not – it’s a matter of luck,” explains Marjo Hamalainen, communications partner at Finnair. “But as we move forward with the renewals, you are more and more likely to get the renewed cabin, and by spring ‘26, we’ll have the entire fleet renewed, and then you are guaranteed to experience the renewed cabin.”

So far, three aircraft have been completed and this fourth one is almost finished. By May, six will be done. During the peak summer, Finnair needs all its Embraers back in service, so there’s a short break before the process starts again in the autumn. By this time next year, all 12 aircraft will be flying with the new cabins.

Why are airlines keeping older aircraft longer?

It may seem like a cop-out to keep blaming the pandemic, but for aviation, the knock-on effects are real. Aerospace manufacturers of all shapes and sizes have struggled to re-establish production lines, and broken supply chains have taken time to mend.

Emirates had planned to begin receiving Boeing’s brand new 777X aircraft in 2020, but it still hasn’t had a single delivery. Boeing’s latest promise was for arrival in October 2025, but the airline’s management remains sceptical. With no new planes to fly, it has to hold onto its older aircraft for longer, hence the massive multi-billion dollar refurbishment programme.

The project was originally meant to include 120 aircraft at a cost of $2 billion (€1.8 billion). But as production delays ground on, Emirates expanded it in 2024 to 191 jets. In early March, Emirates CEO Sir Tim Clark revealed an even further expansion, with a total of 220 aircraft to be refurbished at a cost of $5 billion ($4.6 billion).

“We have no choice,” Clark told reporters at the ITB tourism fair in Berlin on 5 March. “This is the only way we could sustain the network, grow the network.”

“The main driver for this refurbishment program was the delay in the delivery of new aircraft,” explains Ahmed Safa, Head of Engineering at Emirates. “Boeing says the 777-9 is coming in 2026, but we certainly don’t think our aircraft will come in ‘26, so we’ve had to increase the number of refurbishments.”

Boeing’s problems have been well documented, but it’s not the only bottleneck. Airbus too, has struggled to get its products out of the factory on time. With the demand for air travel continuing to surge, airlines are keen to have as many active aircraft as possible.

“From Airbus, we should have 21 A350s now, but we only have four,” Safa explains. “We want to add more destinations, which will require a lot more capacity. So the lack of new aircraft means more additions to the refurbishment programme are required.”

The impact was noted by industry body IATA in December when it revealed the global average aircraft age had risen to a record high of 14.8 years. Pre-pandemic, it was just over 13 years. That increase of 1.8 years might not seem like much, but it’s the first time since 1990 that the average age has gone above 14 years.

That ageing fleet is not only a concern for the passenger experience but also for aviation’s net zero goals. Technology in new aircraft delivers fuel burn (and associated CO2 emission) savings of around 20 per cent compared to older models It is seen as a key stepping stone to a greener aviation future.

“Manufacturers are letting down their airline customers and that is having a direct impact of slowing down airlines’ efforts to limit their carbon emissions,” says Willie Walsh, director general of IATA. “If the aircraft and engine manufacturers could sort out their issues and keep their promises, we’d have a more fuel-efficient fleet in the air.”

Can a refurbished aircraft also be a greener aircraft?

While new aircraft are taking their time to get into airlines’ hands, refurbishment offers opportunities to green up the fleet they have. Passenger comfort is important, but so too are any sustainability improvements that can be made in the process.

“Sustainability is becoming ever more important for our airline customers,” says Etienne Helfer Aubrac, VP of sales and marketing at Safran Seats, an aircraft seat manufacturer based in France. “A greener refurbishment can involve using lighter and more durable materials, integrating recycled components and optimising seat designs to reduce the carbon footprint over the aircraft’s lifespan.”

Finnair’s refurbishment focused on improving passenger comfort but also considered the impact on the environment.

Replacing the previous cloth seats with real leather would come with a high carbon cost. When cattle farming, tanning and transportation are taken into consideration, cow skin leather has a carbon footprint of approximately 110 kg of CO2 per square metre. And an aircraft cabin has a lot of square metres!

“They take leather offcuts that would otherwise end up in landfill and break them down into fibres,” explains Eeva Mattila, an engineer at Finnair Technical Operations. “Then they use recycled water to turn them into a new recycled leather material.”

This leather material has a carbon footprint up to 85 per cent lower than that of traditional leather, and it’s more lightweight too. These benefits have made this product a popular choice for airlines, flying on over four million seats worldwide today.

Weight saving is a significant focus for any airline. Every kilogram of extra weight means more fuel burned and more CO2 emissions. Refurbishing a cabin is a great opportunity to take some of the weight off the aircraft and create a more efficient plane.

Finnair’s Recaro seats are widely used in aviation as they combine slimline, lightweight construction with ergonomic comfort. Using composite materials and high-performance plastics, the seats are able to withstand the punishment of many flights and weigh significantly less than the airline’s old seats.

When KLM refurbished its Boeing 737s in 2021, it also opted for recycled leather and installed similar Recaro seats, which were 20 per cent lighter than those they replaced. This, it said, reduced the total cabin weight by 700 kg, saving 184 tonnes of CO2 per aircraft per year.

Air France picked carbon fibre and titanium for its Embraer refurbishment, designing an ultra-lightweight seat with recycled components and as little plastic as possible. Custom-made by French manufacturer Expliseat, each seat will be 30 per cent lighter than the current model.

As well as lighter seats and sustainable materials, Finnair’s changes to the onboard lighting have also taken weight off the plane. Their decision not to install power to each seat, which probably wouldn’t be needed on short flights anyway, was also driven by a desire not to add weight to the planes.

For Finnair, the changes they are making to the Embraers will reduce the onboard weight by 150 kg per aircraft. Once all 12 have been completed, the airline will save about 135,000 kg of fuel annually and reduce CO2 emissions by 420,000 kg per year. That’s the same as taking more than 400 cars off the road.

What happens to the old interiors when aircraft are refurbished?

Airlines have come up with a variety of innovative solutions to deal with their used seats and interiors. Depending on the condition of the materials, as well as the airline’s policies, the components are reused, repurposed, or recycled.

Material from seats can be reused in carpet yarn. Metal components are melted down and recycled. Plastics used in cabins can be harder to repurpose, but several companies are working on solutions to reuse and recycle them efficiently.

Emirates came up with a novel idea for its old interiors, turning some of them into limited-edition travel luggage. From suitcases made using seat leather to toiletry bags fashioned from captain’s chair fur, the airline has been upcycling all sorts of parts from its old interiors.

“Of course we worked wth suppliers to produce lighter materials and sub parts for the seats,” says Amhed Safa, “but our contribution to the green effort has been bolstered by how we’ve repurposed and upcycled the removed parts, the surplus parts and the scrap parts.”

Emirates wants to ‘upcycle’ almost everything it is taking off the aircraft. “My mandate to the guys is anything that’s destined for scrappage must be targeted for an upcycling activity,” says Safa. “We started with the easier ones – the soft furnishings, leathers and fabrics, the curtains and the carpets and all that stuff.

“We’ve made huge strides there and produced some really cool stuff. Now the next step is to employ the appropriate skill set to help us look at the more solid elements from the cabin, the aluminiums and the composites and the other plastics.”

Emirates does offer some of these products for sale, and Safa says the demand has been exceptional. But this isn’t a profit-making exercise. “When we first pitched the idea of recycling, we were inundated with interest from companies who wanted to take the stuff and then repurpose it and sell it for profit, and that went against the intent of our mission.”

Emirates was determined to bring benefits to the wider community from its upcycling efforts. It has already donated thousands of products to schools, NGOs and community groups in several African countries, and has a plan to do the same in India, Pakistan and other places. While a small proportion of its ‘Aircrafted by Emirates’ range is available for sale to the general public, the proceeds from those sales will also go to support communities in need.

For Finnair, its old seats, or at least some of them, have found a new home with other airlines. Although they’re a bit tired for Finnair, budget carriers and airlines from developing countries will find they’re just fine for their needs. Those that aren’t being sold will be reused as much as possible or recycled.

“With some of the old seats, we’ve stripped them for parts,” noted Hamalainen. “We’re still using those seats until next spring, so we will still need some spares. We are recycling as much as possible.”

Will the passenger experience really be as good?

For the average passenger, the seats and amenities are the focus of whether they have a good flight or not. Not many would know or care how old the aircraft is, as long as it’s comfortable and has everything they need.

Airlines realise this and have focused refurbishments on getting the best from the equipment they have. These aren’t cut-price refits; refurbishments are just as meticulously planned and executed as they would be in a brand-new aircraft.

“A well-executed refurbishment can bring an older aircraft up to the same comfort standards as a new one and sometimes even better,” says Aubrac. “Airlines see cabin retrofits as an opportunity to create a high-quality onboard experience, just as they do with brand-new aircraft.”

As well as changing the parts passengers see all the time, aircraft refurbishment often touches the parts of the plane we rarely encounter. Galleys, ovens, crew rest areas and even flight deck furnishings are frequently replaced as part of the process. While you might not get to see it, you will notice the difference in a happier crew, better food and well-managed processes.

Next time you’re on a plane, try to guess its age based on what you can see. Then look up its registration to see if you’re right. While brand-new aircraft are great, if you have to fly on an old one, you’ll be glad the airline invested in renewing the cabin so it feels just like new.

A 7.7 magnitude earthquake struck Myanmar at midday local time on 28 March, sending violent tremors across Thailand and as far as China.

The jolt caused a skyscraper to crumble in the Thai capital Bangkok, causing three deaths and leaving 81 people still missing under the rubble.

European governments have updated their travel advice for tourists in Thailand and with upcoming trips. Here’s what you need to know about safety and travel insurance.

State of emergency declared in six regions in Myanmar

The earthquake, whose epicentre was near the city of Mandalay in Myanmar, has caused dozens of buildings to collapse. Its shallow depth of 10 metres amplified the ground-level impact.

A 6.4 magnitude aftershock was also felt 12 minutes later near the city, the US Geological Survey reported, with tremors being felt as far away as Laos, Bangladesh and China.

Footage reportedly filmed inside Mandalay airport shows people running through dust-filled hallways and huddled on the floor outside the building for safety.

In the town of Taungoo in Myanmar, the partial collapse of a mosque killed two people, according to Reuters.

Local media reports that at least two people have died and 20 have been injured after a hotel crumbled in Aungban in the south of the country.

There are likely many more casualties across the country, but its volatile political situation under a military-run government means journalists have restricted access and reports from the ground are difficult to verify.

A state of emergency has been declared in six regions and states in Myanmar by authorities.

In Bangkok, the tower block that came down was under construction. A rescue worker said seven people had been found alive but 81 people are still missing.

Authorities have reportedly received 169 calls about damage to buildings in the Thai capital. It has been declared a ‘disaster area’.

Hundreds of residents and tourists have been evacuated to the streets from high-rise buildings and hotels, while there are reports of water sloshing out of swimming pools in several parts of the city.

Is it safe to travel to Thailand?

Thailand is a tourism hotspot which is seeing a spike in visitors after the HBO series The White Lotus was set in a resort in the country.

After the earthquake rocked the capital Bangkok, urban rail and metro systems were temporarily closed and are expected to resume services on Saturday.

Bangkok’s Suvarnabhumi airport was briefly shut down in the immediate aftermath but has now reopened, with flights operating normally. Thailand’s other major airports have not experienced disruption.

Local authorities have advised the public to avoid high-rise buildings, which crowd the densely populated city.

The UK’s Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) has updated its travel advice for Thailand.

“If you’re in the area or planning to travel there, follow the advice of the local authorities or your tour operator and monitor local media,” it urges travellers.

Ireland’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) has updated its security status for Thailand to ‘high degree of caution’.

“We encourage citizens to follow the instructions of local authorities in the event of an emergency,” it has said.

There is also ongoing advice (unrelated to the earthquake) from the FCDO against all but essential travel to parts of south Thailand near the Thailand-Malaysia border.

This includes the Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat Provinces and the southern Songkhla Province south of the A43 road between Hat Yai and Sakom and south of the train line which runs between Hat Yai and Padang Besar.

FCDO also advises against all but essential travel on the Hat Yai to Padang Besar train line that runs through these provinces. This is due to regular attacks in these areas by the border with Malaysia.

Is it safe to travel to Myanmar?

The FCDO has also issued updated advice for travellers in Myanmar, stating that the epicentre is in the Sagaing region near Mandalay, but other areas may also be affected.

“Mandalay airport is reportedly closed. There may be several strong after-shocks.

“If you’re in the area or planning to travel there, follow the advice of the local authorities and monitor local media.”

Am I covered by travel insurance if I go ahead with my trip to Thailand?

The UK foreign office warns that your travel insurance could be invalidated if you travel against its advice. This means going to areas where it advises against all but essential travel.

As it has not issued a ‘no-go’ warning for earthquake-affected zones, you are not automatically entitled to a refund if you cancel your trip – referred to as ‘disinclination to travel’.

Reimbursement is only likely if your flight is cancelled by the airline or your accommodation is closed due to the earthquake.

If you have booked with a travel agent or tour operator, contact the company directly to understand your options.

“If you are travelling to Thailand over the next few days, speak to your airline or travel operator in the first instance. It may be that some regions of Thailand will be deemed unsafe to travel, in which case airlines will cancel flights, but disruption is likely to be localised so it will depend on which region you are travelling to,” says Ernesto Suarez, CEO of travel insurance providers Gigasure.

“When disruption is caused by natural disasters or circumstances outside of an airline’s control, passengers are normally allowed to change their booking, but you may not be entitled to any additional compensation.

Some insurance policies include natural disaster cover for an event that prevents travellers from reaching their holiday destination. You should read the terms and conditions carefully and talk to your provider for advice.