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Want to maximise your annual leave? Here’s how to use public holidays to your advantage

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EU countries must give a minimum of 20 days paid annual leave – but some member states are more generous.

In the EU, all employees are entitled to a minimum of four weeks’ paid holiday per year.

Some countries set this figure higher, while others have a calendar of public holidays that can be used to maximise your annual leave.

Taking time off work not only boosts your mental and physical health but also helps increase productivity and performance when you return, according to European Employment Services (EURES).

So how does your country’s annual holiday allowance stack up?

Here’s which European countries offer the most leave, and which have the most public holidays.

Which European country offers the most paid annual leave?

The minimum statutory annual paid leave differs across the EU, ranging from 20 days per year in most member states to 25 days in some countries.

Eighteen countries offer the minimum under EU law – 20 days – according to 2020 data from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). These include Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain.

Outside of the EU, Switzerland also offers 20 days, while the UK minimum is 28 days, including bank holidays.

Austria, France, Luxembourg, Sweden and Denmark offer a minimum of 25 days statutory annual paid leave per year.

Companies are at liberty to offer more than the minimum annual leave allowance. Often, this is determined by years of service, type of contract and occupation.

Collective bargaining, for example through unions, has also boosted workers’ paid leave by as much as five days per year in some European countries.

Which EU country has the most public holidays?

Sick leave, weekly rest, maternity, long service leave, parental leave and – in most countries – public holidays are calculated separately from paid annual holiday leave.

In 2020, the statutory annual public holidays among EU countries varied from six days in Greece to 15 days in Latvia, Lithuania and Slovakia. It was more than 10 days for most member states. The EU average was 11.7 days.

National public holidays are the non-working days in which a variety of cultural and religious holidays, including national and independence days, are enshrined in statutory legislation. They can also exist de facto as unwritten cultural traditions and may vary by year.

Combining minimum paid leave and public holidays in the EU, Greece has the lowest allowance at 26 days while Austria and Malta offer the highest at 38 days. The EU average is 33 days.

When a public holiday falls on a weekend or rest day, practices differ by country. In some places, it is offered in lieu on the next working day. In others, no extra days off are provided. When employees are required to work on public holidays, it is often down to the employer to decide whether to offer days off in lieu.

In the UK, public holidays count towards the 28-day statutory minimum leave, so if employees work on these days they would be entitled to a different day off.

How to maximise your annual leave in 2024

By planning your time off around public holidays, you can maximise your consecutive days of holiday leave, allowing you to take longer breaks.

Tips for maximising your annual leave in the UK

Easter is a great time to maximise your annual leave. Good Friday (29 March) and Easter Monday (1 April) are public holidays in the UK. You can make it a 10-day break by using just four days of your annual leave. Take off either 25-28 March or 2-5 April. You can also get two weeks off for Easter while only taking eight days of leave.

This year, the Early May Bank Holiday falls on 6 May. You can take off 7-10 May to get nine days rest for the price of four. This also works for the Spring Bank Holiday on 27 May and Summer Bank Holiday on 26 August.

Get 16 days of vacation using only seven days of paid leave in France

In France, Easter is also a good time for an extended break. Friday 29 March and Monday 1 April are public holidays, so book off 2-5 April to get a nine-day holiday while only using four days of annual leave.

The month of May, however, offers the best prospects for a long break: 1, 8 and 9 May are public holidays, so you can take Saturday 27 April to Sunday 12 May off (16 days) while only using seven days of leave.

Alternatively, you can take a nine-day break (18-26 May) using four days’ leave at Pentecost, as 20 May is a public holiday.

In autumn, you can once again take four days off for nine days of holiday (either 26 October-3 November or 9-17 November), as 1 and 11 November are public holidays.

How to boost your paid leave in Germany

Take four days off over Easter (25-28 March or 2-5 April) in Germany and get a nine-day break thanks to public holidays on 29 and 31 March and 1 April.

As Labor Day (1 May) falls on a Wednesday this year, you can get five days off in a row if you take two days off (29-30 April or 2-3 May).

Take four days off (21-24 May) for a nine-day vacation around Pentecost, as 20 May is a public holiday.

Three in 10 in the EU cannot afford one week annual holiday

Despite having holiday days, affording travel might be an issue. In 2022, almost three in 10 (29 per cent) of people in the EU could not afford a one-week annual holiday away from home.

Among the EU members, Romania recorded the highest share of individuals in this situation, with a huge majority (63 per cent) being unable to afford a one-week trip. This proportion was over 40 per cent in four countries: Greece (49 per cent), Bulgaria (44 per cent), Croatia (42 per cent) and Hungary (41 per cent).

Only 10 per cent of people in Sweden were unable to afford a one-week holiday, followed by Finland (12 per cent), the Netherlands and Denmark (both 13 per cent).

It was 22 per cent in Germany, 24 per cent in the UK and 25 per cent in France.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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Seat reservations on Spanish trains just got easier for Interrail and Eurail passholders

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Interrail and Eurail passholders rejoice, as you can now skip the queues and reserve your seats on long- and medium-distance RENFE trains online.

Rail Europe, a European train booking platform, has expanded its offering to include trains operated by Spain’s state-owned railway, eliminating a major hurdle that has dogged rail passholders for years.

“The addition of RENFE’s passholder fares to our platform is a game-changer for travellers eager to explore Spain with ease,” says Jürgen Witte, Chief Product and Technology Officer of Rail Europe. “This enhancement ensures Interrail and Eurail Global Pass holders can navigate its world-class rail system seamlessly.”

With the new service, passholders can easily see if a seat reservation is required for their journey and what the associated costs will be.

From there, they can make their reservation online, eliminating the need for time-consuming in-person bookings where a lack of Spanish language skills is sometimes an issue.

What’s the problem with booking RENFE seats with a rail pass?

While many Interrail and Eurail trains don’t require seat reservations, Spanish high-speed trains – the Alta Velocidad Española (AVE) – do.

Although Interrail purports to allow bookings on some AVE trains via its self-service system, users report extensive issues in getting the platform to work. Some trains available on Interrail/Eurail are not bookable via the self-service system at all.

Previously, the only option to secure a seat reservation without buying a ticket on a RENFE high-speed train was to call the company. The traveller would then have to go to a RENFE station to pick up and pay for the reservation within 72 hours of booking, which is often not convenient.

“In Spain, almost all trains, apart from purely suburban ones, require a reservation, and RENFE’s own website doesn’t offer passholder reservations,” explains train travel expert Mark Smith, who runs the website The Man in Seat 61.

“Furthermore, Spanish trains can leave fully booked, so you ideally need to book ahead. This was a major issue for using an Interrail or Eurail pass in Spain.”

Smith warns that, particularly on peak travel days, such as Fridays and Saturdays in the summer months, queues can be atrocious. At major stations in Madrid and Barcelona, passengers can wait as long as one or two hours to be served.

The complexity has caused confusion and frustration among travellers. On the Eurail forum, one user said, “Not gonna jump through hoops to go to Spain. I’ll cancel the Spain leg and stay in France.”

How to book seat reservations with RENFE

To reserve a seat on a RENFE high-speed AVE train, simply head to the Rail Europe website.

Click ‘add rail pass’ below the journey planner and select the type and class of pass you hold. Then, you can search for a journey as normal, but you should only see the passholder reservation costs rather than the normal ticket costs.

Smith notes that the Rail Europe system defaults to a second-class reservation in the search results. Holders of first-class passes need to manually change the price drop-down if they want to reserve a first-class seat.

There are other options for booking seats on RENFE with a pass. These include using Dutch agency HappyRail, which has proven to be successful at booking seats on AVE trains, but charges a 3.5 per cent fee.

Interrail and Eurail reservation services have been available since 2023, but success is patchy. Smith notes that, when the systems do work, they allow booking in first or second class, but not in the ‘premium’ class that gets passholders Sala Club lounge access and a meal with wine included on AVE and Euromed trains.

Smith has long recommended Rail Europe as a booking service for Interrail and Eurail passholders, as it has more seat choices, more benefits for first-class passholders, and no booking fees.

“This is a big step forward,” says Smith, “and if one system won’t get you the reservation you want, try the other.”

Where can you travel with RENFE?

RENFE operates a comprehensive route network across Spain, with both its AVE (high-speed) and Larga Distancia (long-distance) trains. On the map below, the purple lines are AVE trains, and the grey lines are the slower long-distance routes.

As well as travelling within Spain, RENFE connects to several international destinations. These include Oporto in Portugal and several destinations in France.

From 23 April, RENFE will launch a new direct Seville-Barcelona train service, cutting out the transfer in Madrid and making it easier to get between the two popular cities.

Along the way, it stops in Córdoba, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Madrid, Zaragoza, Lleida, Tarragona, and Girona, which are all attractive destinations to visit, too. The high-speed service takes around six hours and is set to make travel between the south and northeast of Spain a much more convenient option.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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ETIAS scams: Everything Brits need to know about EU travel as ETA launch causes confusion

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Brits planning travel to Europe are being warned by an industry body not to fall for scams amid confusion over entry and exit rules.

With the UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA)coming into force this week, scammers are busy taking advantage of the uncertainty. The Association of British Travel Agents (ABTA) has warned of fake websites offering a similar pass to British travellers heading into mainland Europe.

From 2 April, Europeans who don’t have a British passport are required to obtain an ETA to visit the UK. The Electronic Travel Information and Authorisation System (ETIAS) is a similar system that will affect UK travellers heading to Europe.

However, ETIAS is not due to launch for another 18 months, and there is presently no requirement for Brits to obtain any additional documentation to travel.

What authorisations are currently required for travel between the UK and the EU?

The UK’s ETA came into force for Europeans on 2 April, and means any EU passport holders will need to apply for and secure an ETA before visiting the UK.

The scheme has been live for visitors from non-European visa-free nationalities since January. However, its rollout has come with plenty of hiccups and confusion.

“If you have friends, family, or business associates visiting from abroad, they’ll need to check if they need to get an ETA,” says ABTA. “This is one of three changes coming up for travelling across borders between the EU and UK, but the only one to have gone live, meaning there is scope for confusion.”

There is an equivalent rule coming in for Brits traveling to Europe – the ETIAS. However, the ETIAS won’t be introduced until the new EU Entry/Exit system (EES) goes live.

The EES has been pushed back several times already, but is presently anticipated to launch in October 2025. It will be rolled out in stages, so not all changes will take effect immediately.

The ETIAS is expected to be introduced in 2026, and ABTA says likely not before the end of 2026. Even then, ETIAS is expected to be optional for at least six months. Right now, there is no additional documentation required for Brits to holiday in Europe.

“With three new changes coming in over the next couple of years, we’re keen that people understand what it means for them,” says Graeme Buck, director of communications at ABTA. “In short, the only thing to act on now is for European visitors to the UK to apply for an ETA. Nothing will be changing for UK travellers going to Europe this summer.”

How to apply for ETIAS when it comes into effect

ETIAS will be similar to the US ESTA scheme, where a simple online application grants permission to travel within the relevant area for a period of time.

For the EU scheme, the cost of an ETIAS is expected to be around €7 and will be valid for up to three years (or until the passport reaches three months to expiry). It will allow British visitors to stay in any EU country (or countries) for up to 90 days in any 180 day period.

According to the EU, third-country nationals, including the UK, will be granted a ‘grace period’ of six months on a one-time basis if they forget their ETIAS.

“Those coming to Europe for the first time since the end of the transitional period will be allowed to enter without an ETIAS provided they fulfil all remaining entry conditions,” the EU says.

ABTA warns that “people who try to apply for an ETIAS now may be at risk of fraud, with a loss of money and possibly personal data too.”

When the time does come, the only place to apply for an ETIAS will be on the official website. Any apps, websites, or social media posts suggesting there is an alternative route are impostors.

Travellers will need to submit personal information and passport data, as well as disclose any serious convictions in the past 20 years. They must state the reason for their travel and where they will be staying, as well as the Schengen Area country they will first be visiting.

The fee is payable for all applicants aged between 18 and 70. Those under 18 or over 70 will still need to apply for the document, but won’t be charged.

“With two further changes planned, the situation may not seem simple,” adds Buck. “As the changes affecting UK travellers start to come in towards the end of the year, ABTA and our members will be on hand to support travellers.”

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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UK ETA travel permit: British dual nationals flag issues with application system

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The UK’s Electronic Travel Authorisation (ETA) system has officially expanded to European travellers.

Starting 2 April 2025, all EU (except Irish nationals), EEA, and Swiss citizens need ETA approval to enter the UK.

The system became mandatory for travellers from the US, Canada and Australia on 8 January 2025, following its rollout last November for nationals of Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the UAE.

To obtain the visa waiver, which costs £10 (€12) from today or £16 (€19) from 9 April, travellers need to complete an online process – but some British citizens with dual nationality are already flagging issues.

How to apply for the UK’s ETA visa waiver

Travellers can either use the official mobile app, which can be downloaded from the UK government website, or apply online here.

To complete the application, you need the passport you’ll be travelling on, an email address and a credit card, debit card, Apple Pay or Google Pay. You will have to answer a set of suitability questions. You don’t need to enter your travel details.

The government advises applying at least three working days before your trip.

You can delete the app when you’ve finished applying. Your ETA will be linked to your passport digitally, and you will not need to show anything else when you enter the UK.

Though it seems pretty simple, the application process has left a handful of British dual nationals confused about whether they need to apply for the visa waiver or not.

ETA application issues for British dual nationals

In theory, British citizens with dual nationality do not need ETA and should be able to travel to the UK on whatever passport they choose.

But confusion has arisen for those who don’t have a British passport because theirs is expired, lost, or they were never issued with one.

If they choose to travel on their EU passport, the process of applying for ETA – and whether it is necessary – remains unclear.

The ETA application form asks travellers to declare any other nationalities, but the drop-down menu does not give the option to select ‘British citizen’.

Should British dual nationals continue with their application without declaring their ‘secondary’ nationality, they would theoretically be forced to give misinformation about their dual nationality.

Euronews Travel posed the question to an ETA advisor from the Home Office on their web chat.

The advisor refused to give guidance about not declaring British nationality on the ETA form. They stated that if you are a dual citizen with British/Irish citizenship, you do not need an ETA.

However, “you prove your permission to travel using your valid British/Irish passport or other passport containing a certificate of entitlement to the right of abode in the UK.”

When asked what to do if the traveller is not in possession of any of these documents, the advisor responded, “You either need to apply for a British passport or a certificate of entitlement”.

Renewing a UK passport from overseas costs £101 (€123), while a certificate of entitlement comes with a £550 (€658) fee. Both application processes take several weeks.

Euronews Travel has reached out to the Home Office for official guidance.

Author

  • Daniela Daecher is a twenty-something bookworm and coffee addict with a passion for geeking out over sci fi, tv, movies, and books. In 2013 she completed her BA in English with a specialization in Linguistics. In 2014 she completed her MA in Linguistics, focusing on the relationship between language and communication in written form. She currently lives in Munich, Germany.

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