Health & Society
A woman from a Fayum portrait was diagnosed by the image
Scientists have studied a Fayum portrait of a young woman dating back to the 2nd century and stored at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
They noticed a tumor on her neck and suggested that it was probably a realistic representation of a goiter – an enlargement of the thyroid gland. This is reported in an article published in the Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.
About a hundred kilometers southwest of Cairo is the Fayum oasis, located in a natural depression with an area of about two thousand square kilometers. People have inhabited the oasis since prehistoric times, but its economic and cultural development began at the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC, when a new capital was built here under the kings of the 12th dynasty – the city of Iti-Tawi. Thanks to built canals and dams in the Fayum oasis, a large area is irrigated, which allows it to become the richest region of Egypt.
The Fayum also flourished in later times, when the country was ruled first by the Ptolemaic dynasty and then by the Romans. Despite the many finds made in the area, the oasis is known above all for the so-called Fayum portraits. They are usually realistic representations made in the Greco-Roman style that cover the faces of mummies. The tradition of their production dates back to the time when numerous foreigners began to settle in Fayum, who adopted the ancient Egyptian experience of embalming the dead. But at the same time, on the faces of the mummies, they did not put voluminous masks, but portraits. These artifacts date back to the first centuries AD and are sometimes found outside the Fayum Oasis. Scientists currently know about a thousand Fayum portraits.
Raffaella Bianucci of the University of Palermo, along with colleagues from Australia, Britain and Germany, studied a Fayum portrait of a young woman wearing a gilded wreath. This artifact, which measures 36.5 x 17.8 centimeters, was acquired in Egypt in the early 20th century and has been dated to AD 120-140. It is currently housed in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Scientists note that a tumor is clearly visible on the woman’s neck, which does not resemble the “rings of Venus” – transverse folds on the neck that appear as a result of a number of physiological features. At the same time, according to scholars, most of the Fayum portraits depict people realistically. According to the researchers, the woman probably had goitre. According to the researchers, no earlier cases of goiter have yet been recorded among the ancient Egyptians, although it is very likely that the disease was common. The explanation is that, despite the mass prevention started in Egypt in 1995, which consists in adding potassium iodide to table salt (iodization), goitre is still an endemic disease in Fayoum.
Earlier, it became clear that excavations are taking place in the Fayum oasis. Egyptian researchers discovered a large burial facility and a number of Greco-Roman burials that, among other things, contained papyri and mummy fragments with Fayum portraits.
Health & Society
Healing from Within – The Science Behind Anti-Inflammatory Diets

He can explore the transformative power of an anti-inflammatory diet and its potential to reduce chronic inflammation, a leading factor in various health issues. She may discover that incorporating specific foods into daily meals not only promotes overall wellness but also plays a significant role in preventing diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. They will learn how the right combination of nutrients can support the body’s healing processes and enhance vitality, making a personalized approach to nutrition more important than ever.
Key Takeaways:
- Anti-inflammatory diets focus on whole, nutrient-dense foods that combat inflammation and promote overall health.
- Key components include fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and lean proteins, which provide necessary antioxidants and phytonutrients.
- Specific foods, such as fatty fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, turmeric, and green tea, have been shown to have significant anti-inflammatory effects.
- Reducing processed foods, added sugars, and unhealthy fats can help lower inflammation levels in the body.
- Individual responses to diet may vary, highlighting the importance of personalized approaches to nutrition and health management.
Understanding Inflammation
While inflammation is a natural response of the body to injury or infection, it plays a complex role in overall health. It acts as a protective mechanism, signaling the immune system to initiate healing processes. However, when inflammation becomes chronic, it can lead to various health issues, including autoimmune disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic syndrome. Thus, understanding inflammation is key to recognizing how diet can influence its regulation and impact well-being.
The Body’s Immune Response
Before diving deeper into inflammation, it’s important to grasp how the body’s immune response works. When an individual suffers an injury or encounters an invader, the immune system springs into action. It releases various chemicals and white blood cells that target pathogens, facilitating healing and defense against disease, thereby exhibiting the body’s remarkable ability to respond to threats.
Acute vs. Chronic Inflammation
With inflammation, it is necessary to differentiate between acute and chronic forms. Acute inflammation occurs as a short-term response to injury or infection, manifesting with symptoms like redness, heat, pain, and swelling. In contrast, chronic inflammation persists over time and may result from unresolved acute inflammation, autoimmune conditions, or lifestyle factors such as diet and stress.
Immune responses during acute inflammation are beneficial, facilitating healing and enabling recovery from injuries or infections. However, if the inflammation persists as chronic inflammation, it can become detrimental. Chronic inflammation is linked to serious health conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer, ultimately hindering healing and promoting disease progression. Understanding the balance between these two forms of inflammation is integral to navigating health and diet effectively.
The Role of Diet in Inflammation
Clearly, the diet a person follows plays a significant role in the body’s inflammatory response. Numerous studies have shown that certain foods can either exacerbate or reduce inflammation, affecting overall health and well-being. This underlines the importance of a well-balanced diet in managing inflammatory conditions, highlighting the potential of dietary choices in promoting healing from within.
Nutrients that Combat Inflammation
For individuals seeking to reduce inflammation, incorporating specific nutrients into their diet can be beneficial. They should focus on nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber, as these components have been shown to lessen inflammatory markers in the body. Foods rich in these nutrients can help combat chronic inflammation and promote overall health.
Foods to Avoid
Before commenceing on an anti-inflammatory diet, individuals should be aware of certain foods that may contribute to increased inflammation. Eliminating or reducing the intake of processed foods, sugar, and trans fats can significantly impact inflammatory levels in the body.
Due to their high sugar content and presence of unhealthy fats, processed foods can trigger inflammatory responses within the body. Foods like sugary snacks, white bread, and fried items often lead to an increase in inflammatory markers, which can aggravate existing health issues. By avoiding these foods, individuals can help maintain lower inflammation levels and support better health outcomes.
The Science Behind Anti-Inflammatory Diets
Unlike traditional diets that primarily focus on weight loss, anti-inflammatory diets are designed to reduce systemic inflammation within the body. Research indicates that specific foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats, can significantly impact inflammatory markers, resulting in better health outcomes. This dietary approach emphasizes holistic well-being, suggesting that what one eats can play a vital role in mitigating various chronic diseases linked to inflammation.
Key Research Findings
Before delving into the science, several studies support the efficacy of anti-inflammatory diets in reducing inflammation and improving overall health. Meta-analyses have shown that adherence to a Mediterranean diet, rich in omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants, correlates with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers. Additionally, habitual consumption of highly processed foods and sugars has been associated with increased inflammatory responses. These findings underline the importance of dietary choices in managing inflammation.
Mechanisms of Action
Behind the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory diets lies a complex interplay of various biological mechanisms. The consumption of foods high in antioxidants, such as fruits and vegetables, combats oxidative stress, which is a precursor to inflammation. Moreover, omega-3 fatty acids present in fish and flaxseeds are known to produce anti-inflammatory eicosanoids, actively reducing inflammation signals. Furthermore, these diets promote a balanced gut microbiome, which is integral in regulating immune responses and enhancing anti-inflammatory pathways throughout the body.
The mechanisms of action behind anti-inflammatory diets illustrate their profound impact on health. Polyphenols found in various plant-based foods help to lower the activity of inflammatory genes and enhance antioxidant defenses. By including foods like berries, nuts, and green leafy vegetables, individuals can foster an environment less conducive to chronic inflammation. Ensuring a daily intake of fiber-rich foods also plays a pivotal role, as beneficial gut bacteria can convert fiber into short-chain fatty acids, which have anti-inflammatory effects. The cumulative effects of these dietary choices promote better overall health while significantly lowering the risk of inflammation-related diseases.
Popular Anti-Inflammatory Diets
Once again, health experts have emphasized the value of incorporating anti-inflammatory diets into daily routines. These diets aim to reduce chronic inflammation, which is linked to various diseases. Among the most prominent are the Mediterranean diet and plant-based diets, both of which emphasize nutrient-dense foods that nurture the body while promoting long-term health benefits.
Mediterranean Diet
For those seeking a balanced and flavorful approach to nutrition, the Mediterranean diet stands out. This diet highlights whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and healthy fats such as olive oil, coupled with moderate fish and poultry consumption, making it a delicious and sustainable choice for promoting well-being.
Plant-Based Diets
Diets that focus on plant-based foods have gained attention for their anti-inflammatory properties. They primarily consist of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds, offering a rich array of vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
Also, plant-based diets can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease and diabetes. By avoiding processed foods and animal products, individuals can lower their intake of unhealthy fats and sugars. Such diets promote a healthier weight, thereby contributing to reduced inflammation. However, it is necessary for individuals to ensure they obtain adequate nutrients, such as protein and vitamin B12, which are less abundant in a strictly plant-based regimen.
Practical Tips for Implementing an Anti-Inflammatory Diet
Many individuals seeking to adopt an anti-inflammatory diet can benefit from practical strategies for success. Consider the following tips:
- Incorporate more fruits and vegetables into daily meals.
- Choose whole grains over processed foods.
- Include healthy fats like olive oil and avocado.
- Opt for lean proteins such as fish and chicken.
- Stay hydrated with water and herbal teas.
Recognizing the impact of these adjustments can lead to lasting benefits.
Meal Planning and Preparation
Along with a well-structured approach to food shopping, effective meal planning and preparation can streamline the transition to an anti-inflammatory diet. Creating weekly menus helps individuals focus on incorporating a variety of nutrient-dense foods while minimizing the temptation of processed ingredients.
Mindful Eating Practices
Among the various strategies to enhance the effects of an anti-inflammatory diet, adopting mindful eating practices plays a significant role. This means being present during meals, savoring flavors, and appreciating the nutritional value of foods.
Also, individuals can benefit immensely from focusing on portion sizes and listening to their body’s hunger cues. This practice not only encourages healthier eating habits but can also lead to a deeper connection with food choices. Emphasizing the importance of eating without distractions enhances awareness of how foods affect the body. Such mindfulness fosters a positive relationship with food, ultimately aiding in the journey towards improved health and well-being.
Potential Challenges and Solutions
Keep in mind that adopting an anti-inflammatory diet may come with challenges, including social situations and food availability. He or she may find it difficult to navigate meals at gatherings or locate suitable foods in stores. Developing a personalized strategy that includes meal prepping and seeking support from friends and family can help mitigate these issues.
Dietary Adjustments
The transition to an anti-inflammatory diet may require significant dietary adjustments. She might need to eliminate certain foods, such as processed items and sugars, while incorporating more whole foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. Balancing these changes can lead to improved health outcomes.
Overcoming Psychological Barriers
Any superficial change in diet can often trigger psychological barriers that may deter progress. These can include feelings of deprivation, the fear of losing favorite foods, or social pressures. He should understand that a supportive environment and education about the benefits can foster a positive mindset.
And, when addressing psychological barriers, individuals may find it beneficial to focus on the long-term health advantages of the new diet. She can replace feelings of deprivation with the excitement of discovering new, flavorful foods that promote well-being. Moreover, engaging with a community or support group can provide the encouragement and accountability needed to maintain healthy eating habits. Recognizing that dietary changes take time can help them be more forgiving of setbacks and embrace the journey toward improved health.
To wrap up
Summing up, healing from within involves understanding the science behind anti-inflammatory diets and their role in reducing chronic inflammation. Through the incorporation of natural, nutrient-dense foods, individuals can potentially combat various health conditions. They benefit from the demonstrated effects of anti-inflammatory foods on bodily mechanisms, enhancing overall well-being. Additionally, he, she, or they can tailor these dietary changes to fit their lifestyles, paving the way for sustainable health improvements. Ultimately, knowledge of these dietary foundations empowers one to make informed choices that promote wellness from the inside out.
FAQ
Q: What is an anti-inflammatory diet?
A: An anti-inflammatory diet focuses on consuming foods that help reduce inflammation in the body. This typically includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, healthy fats, and lean proteins while limiting processed foods, sugars, and trans fats. The aim is to incorporate nutrients that promote overall health and may alleviate symptoms of chronic inflammation.
Q: How does an anti-inflammatory diet affect overall health?
A: Following an anti-inflammatory diet can lead to numerous health benefits, including improved heart health, enhanced cognitive function, and reduced risk of chronic diseases such as diabetes, arthritis, and certain cancers. By emphasizing nutrient-rich foods, this diet supports the immune system and helps the body manage and mitigate inflammation.
Q: Can anyone benefit from an anti-inflammatory diet?
A: Yes, most individuals can experience benefits from an anti-inflammatory diet, regardless of whether they have chronic inflammation or specific health concerns. Adopting an anti-inflammatory lifestyle can help enhance overall well-being, improve energy levels, and promote a balanced immune system for everyone.
Q: What are some common foods to include in an anti-inflammatory diet?
A: Foods that are typically recommended for an anti-inflammatory diet include leafy greens (such as spinach and kale), berries, fatty fish (like salmon and sardines), nuts, seeds, olives, tomatoes, and whole grains. Spices like turmeric and ginger are also known for their anti-inflammatory properties and can be easily incorporated into meals.
Q: How long does it take to see results from an anti-inflammatory diet?
A: The timeline for seeing results can vary from person to person. Some individuals may notice improvements in energy levels and overall well-being within a few weeks of adhering to the diet, while others may take longer to experience significant changes. Consistency is crucial, and the positive effects are often cumulative over time as the body adjusts to healthier food choices.
Health & Society
EU Court of Justice: Gender identity cannot depend on proof of surgical operation

Correction of data on gender identity cannot depend on proof of surgical operation. This is stated in the judgment of the EU Court of Justice in case C-247/23.
In 2014, V.P., an Iranian national, obtained refugee status in Hungary, citing his trans identity and presenting medical certificates drawn up by specialists in psychiatry and gynaecology. According to those certificates, although the person in question was born a woman, his gender identity was that of a man.
After his refugee status was recognised, the person in question was entered as a woman in the asylum register. In 2022, on the basis of the same medical certificates, V.P. requested, in particular, that authority to correct the indication of his gender in that register and the asylum granted. However, the person’s request was rejected on the grounds that V.P. did not prove that he had undergone gender reassignment surgery.
The person appealed against the refusal before the Budapest City Court. It stated that Hungarian law does not provide for a procedure for the legal recognition of trans identity.
The Court of Justice of the EU stated that, under Article 16 of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and in particular under the principle of accuracy laid down therein, the data subject has the right to obtain from the controller the rectification without undue delay of inaccurate personal data relating to him. That regulation thus gives concrete expression to the fundamental right enshrined in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (hereinafter referred to as the “Charter”), according to which everyone has the right of access to data collected concerning him and the right to have them rectified.
In that regard, the Court of Justice of the EU noted that the accuracy and completeness of those data must be assessed in the light of the purpose for which they were collected. The CJEU considers that the Hungarian court must verify the accuracy of the data at issue in the light of the purpose for which they were collected. If the collection of those data is intended to identify the data subject, those data appear to relate to the gender identity experienced by that person and not to the gender identity assigned to him or her at birth.
In that context, the CJEU states that a Member State cannot rely on the absence of a procedure for the legal recognition of transidentity in its national law in order to prevent the exercise of the right to rectification. Indeed, although EU law does not affect the competence of the Member States in the field of civil status and the legal recognition of their gender identity, those States must comply with EU law, including the GDPR, read in the light of the Charter.
The Court of Justice of the EU concluded that the GDPR must be interpreted as requiring a national authority responsible for maintaining a public register to rectify personal data relating to the gender identity of a natural person where those data are inaccurate within the meaning of that regulation. Secondly, the Court found that, in order to exercise the right to rectification, that person may be required to provide relevant and sufficient evidence which may reasonably be required to establish the inaccuracy of those data.
However, a Member State may in no circumstances make the exercise of the right to rectification conditional on the production of evidence of gender reassignment surgery. Such a requirement affects, in particular, the essence of the right to the integrity of the person and the right to respect for private life, as set out in Articles 3 and 7 of the Charter respectively.
Furthermore, such a requirement is in any event neither necessary nor proportionate in order to ensure the reliability and consistency of a public register such as the register of asylum granted, since a medical certificate, including a preliminary psychological diagnosis, may constitute relevant and sufficient evidence in that regard.
Health & Society
DR Congo: Armed violence displaces thousands as cholera outbreak worsens

Ongoing violence in North and South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) continues to kill, injure and displace civilians, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) has warned.
Intense clashes between local armed groups and M23 rebels were reported on Thursday in the town of Masisi Centre in North Kivu.
Preliminary reports from partners on the ground indicate at least two civilian fatalities and multiple injuries, with several wounded evacuated to Masisi General Hospital.
Meanwhile, many civilians remain confined to their homes due to active crossfire, intensifying fear and limited access to basic needs and services.
“The volatility of frontlines and ongoing combat have rendered comprehensive assessments impossible,” OCHA said.
Despite international support, armed groups have made significant recent gains, particularly the M23 movement, which claims to defend the interests of Congolese Tutsi – many of whom were exiled to Rwanda – and is reportedly backed by Rwandan forces. The extremist Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) also remain active in the region.
Delivering lifesaving aid
In eastern Masisi, where the security situation allows, UN partners are delivering critical aid to displaced and returning populations.
OCHA noted that since yesterday, partners have been distributing household and hygiene kits to more than 500 displaced households in Sake’s collective centre.
Furthermore, 19 of 24 water points in Sake have been rehabilitated, restoring access to safe water for over 4,000 households.
Fresh clashes in South Kivu
In South Kivu, fighting flared again on Tuesday in Fizi Territory, as local armed groups clashed with M23 fighters.
The violence struck the villages of Mulima and Lusuku – both already sheltering thousands of displaced families – prompting another wave of forced displacement.
Cholera outbreak
Meanwhile, in the southern province of Tanganyika, a rapidly escalating cholera outbreak is placing thousands at risk.
As of Wednesday, nine out of 11 health zones in the province are affected, with more than 1,450 confirmed cases and 27 deaths reported since January – a six-fold increase compared to the same period last year.
UN health partners point to severely limited access to safe water – with less than 20 per cent coverage in affected areas – and insufficient healthcare capacity to manage cases effectively.
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