Connect with us

Politics

Spyware – MEPs sound alarm on threat to democracy and demand reforms

Published

on

EP spyware inquiry committee has adopted its final report and recommendations, condemning spyware abuses in several EU member states and setting out a way forward.

On Monday evening, the European Parliament’s Committee of Inquiry to investigate the use of Pegasus and equivalent surveillance spyware (PEGA) adopted its final report and recommendations following a year-long inquiry into the abuse of spyware in the EU. MEPs condemn spyware abuses that aim to intimidate political opposition, silence critical media and manipulate elections. They note that EU governance structures cannot effectively deal with such attacks and say reforms are needed.


Systemic issues in Poland and Hungary

MEPs condemn major violations of EU law in Poland and Hungary, where the respective governments have dismantled independent oversight mechanisms. For Hungary, MEPs argue that the use of spyware has been “part of a calculated and strategic campaign to destroy media freedom and freedom of expression by the government.” In Poland, the use of Pegasus has been part of “a system for the surveillance of the opposition and critics of the government — designed to keep the ruling majority and the government in power”.

To remedy the situation, MEPs call on Hungary and Poland to comply with European Court of Human Rights judgements and restore judicial independence and oversight bodies. They should also ensure independent and specific judicial authorisation before the deployment of spyware and judicial review afterwards, launch credible investigations into abuse cases, and ensure citizens have access to proper legal redress.


Concerns over spyware use in Greece and Spain

On Greece, MEPs say spyware use “does not seem to be part of an integral authoritarian strategy, but rather a tool used on an ad hoc basis for political and financial gains”. Even though Greece has “a fairly robust legal framework in principle”, legislative amendments have weakened safeguards. As a result, spyware has been used against journalists, politicians and businesspersons, and exported to countries with poor human rights records.

MEPs call on the government to “urgently restore and strengthen the institutional and legal safeguards”, repeal export licences that are not in line with EU export control legislation, and respect the independence of the Hellenic Authority for Communication Security and Privacy (ADAE). They also note Cyprus has played a major role as an export hub for spyware, and should repeal all export licences it has issued that are not in line with EU legislation.

On Spain, MEPs found that the country “has an independent justice system with sufficient safeguards”, but some questions on spyware use remain. Noting that the government is already working to address shortcomings, MEPs call on authorities to ensure “full, fair and effective” investigations, especially into the 47 cases where it is unclear who authorised the deployment of spyware, and to make sure targets have real legal remedies.


Stronger regulation needed to prevent abuse

To stop illicit spyware practices immediately, MEPs consider spyware should only be used in member states where allegations of spyware abuse have been thoroughly investigated, national legislation is in line with recommendations of the Venice Commission and EU Court of Justice and European Court of Human Rights case law, Europol is involved in investigations, and export licences not in line with export control rules have been repealed. By December 2023, the Commission should assess whether these conditions have been fulfilled in a public report.

MEPs want EU rules on the use of spyware by law enforcement, which should only be authorised in exceptional cases for a pre-defined purpose and a limited time. They argue that data falling under lawyer-client privilege or belonging to politicians, doctors or the media should be shielded from surveillance, unless there is evidence of criminal activity. MEPs also propose mandatory notifications for targeted people and for non-targeted people whose data was accessed as part of someone else’s surveillance, independent oversight after it has happened, meaningful legal remedies for targets, and standards for the admissibility of evidence collected using spyware.

MEPs also call for a common legal definition of the use of national security as grounds for surveillance, in order to prevent attempts to justify manifest abuses.


EU Tech Lab and a boost to vulnerability research

To help uncover illicit surveillance, MEPs propose the creation of an EU Tech Lab, an independent research institute with powers to investigate surveillance, provide legal and technological support including device screening, and perform forensic research. They also want new laws to regulate the discovery, sharing, resolution and exploitation of vulnerabilities.


Foreign policy dimension

On third countries and the EU’s foreign policy instruments, MEPs would like to see an in-depth investigation of spyware export licences, stronger enforcement of the EU’s export control rules, a joint EU-US spyware strategy, talks with Israel and other third countries to establish rules on spyware marketing and exportation, and ensuring EU development aid does not support acquisition and use of spyware.


Quotes

After the vote, Committee Chair Jeroen Lenaers (EPP, NL) said: “Our inquiry has made it clear that spyware has been used to violate fundamental rights and endanger democracy in several EU member states, Poland and Hungary being the most blatant cases. Spyware use must always be proportionate and authorised by an independent judiciary, which unfortunately is not the case in some parts of Europe. Stricter EU-level scrutiny is needed to ensure that spyware use is the exception, to investigate serious crimes, and not the norm. Because we acknowledge that it can – when used in a controlled manner – be an important tool to combat crimes like terrorism. Our committee has formulated a wide range of proposals to regulate the use of spyware, while respecting national security competences. Now the Commission and member states should do their part and transpose our recommendations into concrete legislation to protect the rights of citizens.”

Rapporteur Sophie In ‘t Veld (Renew, NL) added: “Today, the committee of inquiry concludes its work. This does not mean that the work of this Parliament is finished. Not one victim of spyware abuse has been awarded justice. Not one government has really been held accountable. The member states and the European Commission should not sleep easy, because I intend to keep on this case until justice is being done. The unimpeded use of commercial spyware without proper judicial oversight poses a threat to European democracy, as long as there is no accountability. Digital tools have empowered us all in various ways, but they have made governments far more powerful. We have to close that gap.”


Procedure and next steps

MEPs adopted a report, detailing the findings of the inquiry, with 30 votes in favour, 3 against, and 4 abstaining, and a text outlining recommendations for the future with 30 votes in favour, 5 against, and 2 abstaining. The latter text is expected to be voted by the full Parliament during the plenary session starting 12 June.

Votes in Plenary © @Europan Parliament

Source link

Author

Continue Reading
Click to comment

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Politics

The leader of the independence protests in New Caledonia arrested

Published

on

the-leader-of-the-independence-protests-in-new-caledonia-arrested

Police in New Caledonia have arrested the leader of the country’s independence protest, Reuters reports. Christian Thane was detained before giving a press conference. Apart from Thane, seven other people have been arrested.

Thane led a branch of the Caledonian Union, which organized barricades in the capital Noumea that disrupted traffic, movement and food supplies. He was among the pro-independence political figures who met French President Emmanuel Macron during his visit to New Caledonia.

Nine people died, including two policemen, in the unrest that gripped New Caledonia last month after France proposed electoral reforms allowing thousands of French residents who have lived in the French Pacific territory for more than 10 years to vote.

Local Kanaks fear this will dilute the vote and make it more difficult to hold a future independence referendum. According to Paris, the measure is necessary to improve democracy.

Macron announced last week that he was suspending electoral reform. Pro-independence groups for New Caledonia want it to be fully withdrawn before dialogue on the island’s political future can begin again.

New Caledonia’s international airport reopened this week, although a curfew is still in place and several thousand French police reinforcements remain.

Illustrative Photo by Kindel Media: https://www.pexels.com/photo/a-person-s-hands-on-the-table-wearing-handcuffs-7773260/

Author

Continue Reading

Politics

Enlargement: how do countries join the EU?

Published

on

enlargement:-how-do-countries-join-the-eu?

EU enlargement is a way to foster peace and stability in Europe, increase prosperity for Europeans and create opportunities for companies.

Countries preparing to join benefit from closer ties with the EU, stronger support for fundamental rights as well as from funding and expertise from the EU to make the process easier.

In December 2023, EU leaders announced that the EU would recognise Georgia as a candidate country and would start accession talks with Ukraine and Moldova. The accession talks with Ukraine and Moldova formally started on 25 June 2024. In March 2024, EU leaders also agreed to launch accession talks with Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Which countries want to join the EU?

The EU has recognised Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, Moldova, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, Ukraine and Türkiye as candidate countries for EU membership, though accession negotiations with Türkiye have been frozen since 2018. This is something MEPs had called for on various occasions due to concerns over the situation in Türkiye, including the rule of law and media freedom.

Kosovo is a potential candidate country.

Who can join the EU? What are the requirements for EU membership?

In order to apply for EU membership, a country has to be European and respect the EU’s democratic values. It also needs stable institutions guaranteeing democracy and the rule of law; a functioning market economy; and the ability to take on and carry out the obligations of EU membership.

What support do candidate countries and potential candidate countries benefit from?

Candidate countries and potential candidate countries benefit from EU funding, detailed policy advice, as well as Association Agreements, giving far-reaching access to the EU’s internal market.

How does the enlargement process work?

A country can become an official candidate once it meets basic political, economic and reform criteria. It can then start formal negotiations on 35 chapters covering many different policy areas with the EU.

Once negotiations and reforms have been completed, an accession treaty is finalised, which needs to be ratified by all existing EU member states and the country itself before the country can join the EU.

What is the history of EU enlargement?

The EU started in 1952 as the European Communities with six founding members: Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, and Netherlands. The first enlargement took part in 1973 when Denmark, Ireland and the UK joined.

In the 1980s, Greece joined in 1981, followed by Spain and Portugal five years later after emerging from dictatorships in the 1970s. In 1985 Greenland, which is an autonomous part of Denmark with a local government responsible for judicial affairs, policing and natural resources, became the first territory to leave the EU.

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the subsequent collapse of the Soviet Union changed everything again. In 1995 Austria, Finland and Sweden joined the EU. This was followed by two waves of Central and Eastern European countries joining. The Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia, and Slovenia as well as Cyprus and Malta joined in 2004. In 2007, it was the turn of Bulgaria and Romania.

Croatia became the most recent country to join the EU in 2013. Meanwhile, the UK left the EU in 2020.

What is the current situation for EU enlargement?

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022 led to Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine submitting applications for EU membership. The EU formally launched accession talks with Moldova and Ukraine in June 2024, while Georgia was recognised as a candidate country in December 2023.

The EU is also keen to give Western Balkan countries, who have been part of the enlargement process for a long time, a clear path to membership to help stabilise the region and promote fundamental reforms and good neighbourly relations.

What is the role of the Parliament?

MEPs debate and vote on annual progress reports for each country, which is an opportunity to identify areas of concerns.

The Parliament’s approval is also required before a country can join the EU.

Parliament has remained supportive of the enlargement process. President Roberta Metsola called it the EU’s strongest geopolitical tool in a speech to the European Council in October 2023. “That is why the European Parliament had called for Ukraine and Moldova to receive EU candidate status,” she said. “This status gives a clear European perspective to these nations and serves as a powerful impetus for advancing democratic reforms. A quick look back at the last 20 years can illustrate the transformative power of enlargement. That is why we want to go the next step by the end of the year if those countries are ready.”

On various occasions Parliament called for the EU’s doors to be opened to Ukraine and Moldova. In July 2022 MEPs welcomed the Council decision to start the accession process with the two countries.

Parliament continues to support the accession of the Western Balkans countries to the EU. In a resolution adopted in June 2020, MEPs call on the EU to do more to make the enlargement process for these countries a success.

In a resolution adopted in December 2023, Parliament called on the EU to open accession talks with Moldova and Ukraine as well as with Bosnia and Herzegovina, provided the country takes certain reform steps. MEPs also called for a clear timetable to conclude negotiations by the end of this decade and for Georgia to be recognised as a candidate country.

Source: European Commission

Author

Continue Reading

Politics

Patriarch Bartholomew: To remain silent in the face of the cruelty of war is shameful!

Published

on

patriarch-bartholomew:-to-remain-silent-in-the-face-of-the-cruelty-of-war-is-shameful!

“War is always destructive. To remain silent in the face of the cruelty of war is shameful! It is our duty and mission to protect and promote peace. “Blessed are the peacemakers” (Matt. 5:9). With these words, His Holiness the Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew began his short address to the International Summit for Peace in Ukraine, which was attended by leaders and representatives of about one hundred countries and international organizations, and which took place on June 15-16, 2024, in the Bürgenstock resort , Switzerland.

The Patriarch emphasized the importance and value of dialogue, which, in his words, is the driving force of this conference.

Regarding the granting of autocephaly to the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, he emphasized that the Ecumenical Patriarchate responded to the “pastoral needs of the Orthodox believers in Ukraine”: “On January 5, 2019, in response to the pastoral needs of the Orthodox believers in Ukraine, the Ecumenical Patriarchate decreed the Orthodox Church of Ukraine as an autocephalous or self-governing ecclesiastical entity independent of the Moscow Patriarchate. And we did this despite all the difficulties and at any cost, because we firmly believe that Orthodox Christians in Ukraine deserve their own church voice. We are all here to support a just and lasting peace in a sovereign Ukraine. May God rest in peace all those who tragically lost their lives and give strength to all those who defend the peace.”

According to a press release, during the summit the Ecumenical Patriarch had the opportunity to meet and talk with the presidents of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelensky, France Emmanuel Macron and Georgia Salome Zourabishvili, with the Prime Minister of Greece Kyriakos Mitsotakis, the Vatican Secretary of State Monsignor Petro Parolin, with Hakan Fidan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Turkey, and others.

An interesting detail of the picture of the meeting is the attempt to create a “problem” around the participation of the Ecumenical Patriarch, who attended the meeting as a representative of Turkey, but with the flag of the Patriarchate. Turkey was represented by its foreign minister, Hakan Fidan, and by Patriarch Bartholomew. Highlighting the coverage of the “church participation” in the meeting in the pro-Russian media was the status of the patriarch, who participated with the title of Ecumenical Patriarch. In Turkey, however, his status is recognized only as “Greek Patriarch of Fener”. The presence of his signature as “Ecumenical Patriarch” under the general declaration led the Turkish authorities to emphasize again that they do not recognize Patriarch Bartholomew such a title and role in world Orthodoxy that was inherited from the Byzantine Empire, and he is only the head of the “Greek religious minority ” in the country and can only represent him. The Turkish foreign minister also denied having an official personal meeting with the patriarch within the framework of the conference. This position particularly impresses the Russian policy aimed at compromising and belittling the role of the Ecumenical Patriarchate at all levels and on all occasions.

Turkish media also noted that the Vatican, which attended with observer status through its secretary of state, did not sign the joint declaration signed by Turkey. South Africa, Saudi Arabia, India, South Africa, Thailand, Indonesia, Mexico and the UAE did not sign the declaration. To date, the declaration has been signed by seventy-nine countries and six international organizations.

Author

Continue Reading

Trending

Copyright © 2023 EuroTimes