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Does the removal of criminal penalties for drug use lead to more drug use?

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The debate on drug legalization has lasted for years with little progress towards a compromise that suits the interests of both sides.

Some people are in favor of decriminalizing drugs or legalizing them all. If drugs are legalized, it is safe to assume that they will be used more often, as they will be easier to access and will not have such a negative connotation. If the goal is a drug-free world, it does not seem that making drugs easier to access is the best way to achieve this.

On the other end of the spectrum are those who support the idea that the current system should continue, which is criminalizing people for using drugs. Despite almost 50 years of War on Drugs, the drug statistics in America are not improving, but worsening. The criminalization of drug abuse has led to a bloated criminal system and the largest prison populations in the world.

It is important to not criminalize drug users, but rather reduce their use. It is unlikely that either the current approach or a legalization approach in general will achieve this goal. A compromise may lead to a better outcome. This system would decriminalize drugs to some extent, while still retaining certain penalties that would act to encourage addicts to seek out treatment.

The solution may not be 100% legalization or 100% criminalization but rather a carefully designed system that uses some penalties for transgressions, while supporting, encouraging and insisting on the treatment.

Analyzing both Arguments

Some evidence suggests that legalizing marijuana led to an increase in cannabis use in states that legalized the drug. Some evidence suggests that other drugs such as opioids were also used more in states that legalized these drugs. It is true that opioid use has increased across the country, but it’s impossible to determine if the increase in opioid abuse in these states is due to cannabis legalization.

People who are against legalization also claim that drug use and criminality go hand in hand. This argument would be nullified if all drugs were legalized. Drug use is harmful regardless of the legal context. Addicts would still suffer and people who use drugs will still die.

Some evidence suggests that drug decriminalization or legalization increases the availability of treatment for addicts and reduces drug abuse. It also reduces stigma and focuses the public’s attention on addiction as a health problem, rather than a criminal issue. A more compassionate and health-oriented attitude towards addiction would be beneficial. The goal is to treat addiction and recover those who suffer from it.

In places where decriminalization and legalization have been tested, the results have been mixed at best. Oregon is the most recent state to release disappointing statistics about drug addiction, treatment and overdoses after a year of decriminalization. The state did not see the increase in addiction treatment, or the decrease in overdoses it hoped for.

A program that doesn’t incarcerate drug addicts but still forces them to seek treatment is the best compromise. This approach would still promote the idea that drug use is unacceptable, but from the perspective of the addict. You can also read about how to get started. Seek treatment and get well. It would be a firm but compassionate approach.

It may be best to leave some penalties in place, but reduce or eliminate them after treatment. It is a middle ground that neither normalizes drug use nor criminalizes people for being addicted. The recent ballot measure in Oregon to decriminalize drug use does not seem to be working, because there is no incentive to encourage addicts to seek treatment when they are arrested. A similar approach to Oregon’s but with a more effective system of directing addicts to treatment may be the solution.

The answer is to develop programs that lead to treatment and recovery

It’s crucial to have a nuanced conversation about how, on one hand, heavily criminalizing drug addiction is not the right answer. But neither is blanket legalization without programs for helping addicts. Nor is simply incentivizing the treatment as part of the consequences of using drugs. A compromise that reduces the criminal penalties for drug use and possession while forcing those arrested to seek treatment would be a better option.

The most effective solution is to create diversion programs, which would send drug offenders into treatment instead of prison. This model has been used with some success by places like Seattle, Washington, and Baltimore, Maryland.

Addiction is a problem which does not go away, even if you try your best to stop using drugs. Do everything you can to help someone who is addicted to drugs.


References:

  • https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2784528
  • https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1903434116
  • https://drugpolicy.org/sites/default/files/DPA_Fact_Sheet_Portugal_Decriminalization_Feb2015.pdf
  • https://www.theguardian.com/news/2017/dec/05/portugals-radical-drugs-policy-is-working-why-hasnt-the-world-copied-it
  • https://apnews.com/article/health-business-europe-oregon-salem-158728e57e1d48bc957c5b907bcda5f5
  • https://leadkingcounty.org/
  • https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/crime/bs-md-ci-drug-diversion-program-20170206-story.html

Claire Pinelli, ICAADC, ICCS LADC RAS MCAP LCDC

First published here.

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EU treading Dangerous Waters: The Perils of Psychedelics in Therapeutic Use

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The European Commission is getting ready to review citizens’ proposals and one controversial idea on the table is the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative that supports the exploration and implementation of psychedelic treatments for mental wellbeing issues. Advocates of this initiative highlight the advantages of using psychedelics in addressing mental health concerns; however it’s crucial to carefully assess the consequences of making these substances mainstream for therapeutic use, it already happened with way too many “pharma products” and end up being dangerous street drugs, as this is what they actually were from the beginning.

The Illusory Promise of Psychedelics

Supporters of this “therapies” frequently promote these substances as amazing remedies for profound mental health challenges like depression and anxiety disorders such as PTSD are regularly highlighted by them in support of their claims. However, these early research findings are willfully misinterpreted and exaggerated. The “positive outcomes” observed in limited research studies do not automatically translate to safety and effectiveness across wider and more varied demographic groups, often the contrary. Throughout history the fascination with a quick fix for mental health issues has often resulted in disappointment and harm, if not death.

A Lack of Comprehensive Understanding

The insufficient scientific knowledge about psychedelics raises concerns within the community as the intricate workings of the human brain remain a mystery when influenced by these substances. There are risks such as psychological distress and worsening of preexisting mental health conditions that make it unthinkable to integrate psychedelics into mainstream therapy practices at all. It is crucial to acknowledge the variations in individual experiences and biological compositions to prevent unintended harm rather than aiding in treatment efforts.

Regulatory and Ethical Concerns

The push for government endorsement of psychedelic therapies raises numerous ethical questions. Should substances with known psychoactive properties be part of mainstream health care? The regulatory environment surrounding these compounds is fraught with challenges, including ensuring quality control, standardizing dosages, and preventing misuse. With the legalization movements in various regions, the potential for recreational abuse expands, risking public health and safety.

Historical Context and Social Implications

Looking back, the late 1960s and early 1970s were marked by a psychedelic counterculture that resulted in societal turmoil and increased drug abuse. The legacy of this era still looms large; many young individuals romanticize psychedelic use without regarding the severe consequences that accompanied its earlier popularity, including addiction, mental health crises, and a societal disregard for safety protocols.

A Dangerous Precedent

By calling for a more prominent role for psychedelics in treatment protocols, the advocates of the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative may unintentionally set a dangerous precedent. Replacing established, evidence-based treatments with unproven psychedelic therapies could detract from the very real progress made in mental health care. It could shift focus away from holistic approaches that consider lifestyle, therapeutic counseling, and medication tailored to individual needs.

Conclusion

The debate surrounding the ‘PsychedeliCare’ initiative should prompt a vigilant and cautious examination of the implications of endorsing psychedelics as treatment options. While there is a critical need for innovative approaches in mental health care, rushing to embrace unproven therapies poses significant risks. It is paramount that we prioritize rigorous scientific scrutiny, ethical considerations, and the well-being of individuals over the allure of quick solutions. The only clear path forward is one grounded in proven therapies, comprehensive research, and unwavering commitment to public health.

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Why chocolate should not be given to dogs

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Chocolate is a favorite delicacy for people, but for cats and dogs it is a real poison, writes the magazine ” Sciences et Avenir” and explains why pets should not be “pampered” with chocolate under any circumstances.

For them, chocolate is toxic, because it is not properly absorbed by their body. This is due to the alkaloid theobromine, which is contained in cocoa and therefore in chocolate.

The substance becomes dangerous to health when large amounts of it are stored in the liver. About 12 grams of theobromine are contained in dark chocolate, twice as much in milk chocolate, and very small amounts in white chocolate.

Theobromine does not harm humans, as the human body manages to break it down quickly.

However, it takes 20 hours for dogs to get rid of this molecule. It can build up in their liver and cause poisoning if large amounts of chocolate are ingested at once.

Among the symptoms are vomiting, diarrhea, rapid pulse, convulsions.

The same is true for cats. However, they are less attracted to chocolate than dogs because they cannot taste sweets with their tongues, although there are exceptions.

In addition, pet obesity is the subject of a number of educational campaigns aimed at owners.

A court in North West England has banned a British man from keeping pets for the next 10 years because his Dalmatian became too fat. wrote the English tabloid “Sun” in November 2009.

40-year-old man John Green, a resident of Macclesfield in Cheshire, showed extreme irresponsibility towards his dog Barney and fed him chips and chocolate.

Thus, in just three months, it became several times fatter than normal for its breed and reached 70 kg.

Green was tipped off by alarmed, vigilant fellow citizens.

Animal control officials warned Green that his dog’s health was in danger and recommended that he be put on a diet.

However, he did not follow the recommendations and the dog continued to gain weight.

The Dalmatian was eventually removed from his owner’s home in June and put on a diet in a private kennel, where staff made sure he got enough exercise.

As a result, Barney, who is eight years old, lost 40 kg.

Green pleaded guilty to causing his dog unnecessary suffering, but the court found some mitigating circumstances because the man treated Barney more like a friend than a dog and did not realize he was harming him.

That’s why Green was only sentenced to 200 hours of community service and to pay £780 in costs.

Illustrative Photo by Glenn: https://www.pexels.com/photo/high-angle-photo-of-a-corgi-looking-upwards-2664417/

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Russian Orthodox Church calls on mass culture to abandon ‘images promoting alcoholism’

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On the occasion of the Day of Sobriety celebrated in the country today, the Russian Orthodox Church called on mass culture not to promote alcoholism, TASS reported.

The agency recalls that the All-Russian Day of Sobriety is celebrated on the initiative of the Russian Orthodox Church on September 11 to remind people of the harm caused by alcohol. On this day, in some parts of Russia, the sale of alcohol is limited or completely prohibited.

“The culture of attitude towards this is very important. There are many “nice jokes” about alcoholism in our everyday culture. There is nothing good about that. We know what the state of intoxication leads to. Those who deal with mass culture should make an effort that the image of the “dear drunkard” should still leave our mass culture,” said the head of the synodal department of the Moscow Patriarchate for Church Interaction on the sidelines of the St. Petersburg Forum of United Cultures with society and media Vladimir Legoida.

Asked whether it would be appropriate to ban or restrict the sale of alcohol across the country, he said “that would be wonderful”. “But it is important that people do this consciously, independently, not because someone is forcing them, and also that there is, as it is customary to say, a public consensus,” he stated.

Legoida noted that the category of “sobriety” is important for the church in general, which refers not only to abstinence from alcohol.

Meanwhile, during a press conference dedicated to the All-Russian Day of Sobriety, Russia’s Deputy Health Minister Oleg Salagai said that alcohol abuse can reduce a man’s life expectancy by six years and a woman by five years.

“The systemic measures that were adopted allowed us to really reduce alcohol consumption. Today, it can be confidently said that Russia is not one of the most drinking countries in the world,” said the deputy minister, who pointed out that in 2023 alcohol consumption in the country was about 8.4 liters per person, while at the beginning of the century the indicator was in double digits.

Illustrative Photo by EVG Kowalievska: https://www.pexels.com/photo/selective-focus-photography-of-assorted-brand-liquor-bottles-1128259/

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